7.1 - The French Revolution

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7.1 - The French Revolution
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What class of people belonged to the Second
Estate?

• Nobles

3
Which group of people was the most heavily
influenced by the Enlightenment?

• Bourgeoisie

4
Where in France did the sans-culottes live?

• In the cities

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What is the tax paid to the Church by members of
the 3rd Estate?

• Tithe

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How much is the tithe?

• 10

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The price of what important food staple doubled
in 1789?

• Bread

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The extravagant spending of what monarchs led to
the financial crisis?

• Louis XIV, Louis XV, Louis XVI, and Marie
  Antoinette

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What nickname was given to Marie Antoinette for
her extravagant spending?

• Madame Deficit

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How did Louis XVI propose to solve the financial
crisis?

• Impose taxes on the nobility

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What group did Louis XVI call to approve his new
tax?

• Estates General

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To what voting system did the 3rd estate want to
change?

• Each delegate would receive one vote

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Who is the clergy member who spoke in favor of
the formation of a new legislative body for
France?

• Sieyes

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What is the name of the new group formed by the
Third Estate to abolish the monarchy and create a
representative government?

• National Assembly

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What is the pledge taken by the members of the
Third Estate to write a new constitution for
France?

• Tennis Court Oath

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What is the name of the building the peasants
stormed to obtain weapons and gun powder?

• The Bastille

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Why did the Great Fear break out in France?

• Rumors spread that nobles were hiring outlaws to
  terrorize peasants

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What was it that drove thousands of women to riot
and drive the king from his palace?

• The rising cost of bread

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7.2 Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
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What document was adopted by the National
Assembly as a statement of the revolutionary
ideals?

• Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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What is the slogan of the French Revolution?

• Liberte, Equalite, Fraternite

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Who is the revolutionary woman that wrote her own
Declaration of the Rights of Women?

• Olympe de Gouges

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How did the reforms of the National Assembly
affect the Church?

• Sold church lands
• Required priests to be elected and paid by the
  state

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To where did Louis XVI attempt to flee when he
became concerned for his safety?

• Austrian Netherlands

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The Constitution of 1791 created which type of
government for France?

• Constitutional Monarchy (also acceptable limited
  monarchy)

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What is the legislative body created by the
Constitution of 1791?

• Legislative Assembly

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How was power distributed by the Constitution of
1791?

• The Legislative Assembly had the power to make
  laws, but the king retained the power to enforce
  the laws

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The problems of food shortages and government
debt led to the division of the French government
into which three groups?

• Conservatives, Moderates, Radicals

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Who were the reactionaries that fled France in
search of aid to restore the Old Regime?

• Emigres

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Who were the radical street dwellers who wished
to push the reforms of the revolution further?

• Sans-culottes

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Which two nations urged the French to restore the
Old Regime and were answered with a declaration
of war?

• Austria and Prussia

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How did the Parisian population respond to rumors
the kings supporters were planning to break out
of prison and seize control of the city?

• They raided the prisons and murdered 1,000
  prisoners in what became known as the September
  Massacres

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How did the government respond to the radical
actions of the people during the September
Massacres?

• They replaced the monarchy and Legislative
  Assembly with a republic under the National
  Convention

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Who did the National Assembly give the right to
vote?

• All adult men, but not women.

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What radical political group led the radical
changes?

• The Jacobin Club

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Who were the three most prominent leaders of the
Jacobins?

• Jean Paul Marat, Georges Danton, and Maximillien
  Robespierre

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What became of Louis XIV when the National
Convention came to power?

• He was convicted of treason and beheaded by the
  guillotine

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How did the Committee of Public Safety react to
opposition to the revolution?

• They ordered to arrest and execution of opponents
  in what came to be called the Reign of Terror

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Why did the Reign of Terror come to an end?

• Members of the National Convention feared for
  their own safety so they turned against
  Robespierre and sent him to the guillotine

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Who did the National Convention put in charge of
the government after the Reign of Terror in 1795?

• The Directory

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7.3 7.4Napoleon
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How did Napoleon gain recognition as a military
leader?

• He successfully defended the National Convention
  against a mob of royalist rebels who threatened
  the French Revolution

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Where did Napoleon experience military success
outside of France?

• In Italy against the forces of Austria and the
  Kingdom of Sardinia

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Where did Napoleon experience defeat against
British forces led by Admiral Hiratio Nelson?

• Egypt

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How did Napoleon come to lead the government of
France?

• He overthrew the Directory by driving the members
  of national legislature out and forcing the
  remaining leaders to name him First Consul

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What term refers to the quick seizure of power
Napoleon used to gain control?

• Coup detat

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What challenge to his authority did Napoleon
immediately face after seizing power?

• The forces of Britain, Austria, and Russia joined
  to fight him in war

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How did that conflict turn out?

• Napoleon defeated their forces and compelled them
  to sign peace treaties with France

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How did Napoleon create the impression that he
had be democratically chosen?

• He held a plebiscite to approve a new
  constitution that gave him all real power

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How did Napoleon attempt to reform the financial
system in France?

• He established more efficient tax collection a
  national bank both actions provided the
  government money and control over the economy

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How did Napoleon attempt to reform the political
system?

• He fired corrupt officials and established
  schools (lycees) to train government agents who
  were appointed based on ability rather than
  family connections

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How did Napoleon attempt to reform religion in
France?

• He signed a concordat with Pope Pius VII to
  restored the Church, but maintained the
  separation between church and state

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How did Napoleon attempt to reform the legal
system in France?

• He revised the laws to make them more uniform
  under the Napoleonic Code

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How did the Napoleonic Code limit rights and
government control over people?

• Free speech press were restricted
• Slavery was restored in the French Caribbean

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What action at the coronation of Napoleon
displays his arrogance?

• When he took his crown from the Pope so he could
  crown himself

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What event lead Napoleon to decide to give up his
dream of a French empire in the New World?

• The slave revolt and independence movement in
  Haiti

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Who led the slave uprising in Haiti?

• Toussaint LOuverture

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Why did Napoleon decide to sell the Louisiana
Purchase to the USA?

• He needed the 15 million to pay his war debts
  and he believed the USA would pose a threat to
  the British empire

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As Napoleon built his European empire by
conquering the Netherlands parts of Italy,
which country was the only one to resist him?

• Britain

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In which battle did the British succeed in
breaking Napoleons unchecked expansion?

• Battle of Trafalgar

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What three disastrous mistakes did Napoleon make
that ended his empire?

1. The Continental System
2. The Peninsular War
3. The Invasion of Russia

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What did the Continental System attempt to do?

• Make Europe self-sufficient by cutting trade with
  England by using a blockade

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Why did Napoleons blockade fail?

• The British navy was stronger, smugglers broke
  the blockade, and his allies ignored it

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How did the British blockade of Europe impact the
United States?

• US ships were seized and sailors impressed to
  serve in the British navy the conflict resulted
  in the War of 1812

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Why did Napoleon send troops to Portugal through
Spain?

• To force Portugal to follow the Continental System

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Why did the Spanish people object to Napoleons
troops marching through Spain?

• They feared Napoleon would weaken the power of
  the Catholic Church in Spain as he had done in
  France

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Who did Napoleon put on the throne of Spain?

• His brother, Joseph

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What were the Spanish peasant fighters called
that operated in small roving groups?

• guerillas

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Why did Napoleon decide to invade Russia?

• Napoleon was angry Russias czar refused to stop
  selling grain to Britain and he distrusted
  Alexanders designs on Poland

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How did Alexander respond to the invading French
Grand Army?

• He ordered a retreat and the use of a
  scorched-earth policy

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What was the farthest point of attack the French
troops were able to make?

• Moscow

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Why did the French fail to conquer Moscow?

• The troops were unprepared for the harsh
  conditions of the Russian winter

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After Napoleons enemies united against him and
defeated him, to where was he exiled?

• The island of Elba

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Why did Napoleon decide to return to France from
exile?

• To overthrow Louis XVIII, who had grown unpopular
  as people feared he would try to turn back the
  effects of the Revolution

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What was the last time period in which Napoleon
ruled France called?

• The Hundred Days

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Where did Napoleon have his final showdown battle
with the British Prussians?

• The Battle of Waterloo

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To where was Napoleon sent the second time he was
defeated?

• St. Helena

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7.5 The Congress of Vienna
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What was the overall goal of the Congress of
Vienna?

• The establishment of stability and collective
  security in Europe

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Which five nations dominated the Congress of
Vienna?

• Austria, Prussia, Russia, Great Britain, and
  France

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Which man stood out as the leader of the Congress
of Vienna

• Austrian prince Klemens von Metternich

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What were Metternichs three steps for the
restoring Europe to its previous condition?

1. Contain France by surrounding it with powerful
   nations
2. Create a balance of power to discourage nations
   for expanding
3. Restore legitimate monarchs to the thrones of
   Europe

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Which alliance was created by Russia, Prussia,
and Austria to maintain Christian values in
Europe?

• The Holy Alliance

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Which alliance was created by the nations of
Europe to support the conditions created by the
Congress of Vienna?

• Concert of Europe

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How did the actions of Napoleon and the Congress
of Vienna impact conditions in the Americas?

• Creole leaders rose up in rebellion against the
  peninsulares and declared their independence from
  European rule

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What was the long-term legacy of the French
Revolution and the Congress of Vienna?

• Europe was reshaped both physically and
  politically.
• Nationalism spread and set into motion further
  forms.
• European colonies in the Americas began their
  independence movements.

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Dont forget to study the political spectrum
chart as well.
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THE END