Reconstruction

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Reconstruction
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Reconstruction

• Refers to the post-Civil War policies of the U.S.
  government toward the former Confederate states
  of the South.

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Two Phases of Reconstruction

• Presidential Reconstruction
• Lincoln and Johnson tried to reunite the North
  and South in a lenient manner.

• 2. Congressional Reconstruction
• Congress takes power and overrides vetoes to
  make sure that the former Confederates are
  punished and rights are given to former slaves.

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13th Amendment

• Amendment to the Constitution that abolished
  slavery.(1865)
• Pushed through the Congress with the help of the
  many republicans who favored this bill

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Slavery was abolished in all states and
territories in the United States
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Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated in
Washington, D.C. only five days after
Confederate general Robert E. Lee surrendered
his troops at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.
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Assassination of Lincoln

• John Wilkes Booth shot Lincoln at Fords Theatre
• Booth was killed as he fled. His conspirators
  were tried and hanged for the assassination.

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President Andrew Johnson

• Being Lincolns Vice President, Andrew Johnson
  becomes President of the United States after
  Lincoln dies

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Reconstruction

• Time period following the Civil War which lasted
  from 1865-1877.
• Radical Republicans representatives in congress
  that wanted to destroy the political power of
  former slaveholders. They wanted to give African
  Americans the citizenship and right to vote.

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Thaddeus Stevens

• Leader of the Radical Republicans

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Johnsons Reconstruction View

• Changed from Lincolns policy of letting the
  succeeded states vote to see if they would
  voluntarily rejoin the Union after the war. If
  10 would agree, they could join again.
• 4 of the 11 states had done this under Lincoln.
• The remaining 7 states could join under Johnsons
  conditions.

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Johnsons Reconstruction View

• Johnsons Conditions
• Each state had to declare that its secession was
  illegal
• Each state had to swear allegiance to the Union
• Each state had to ratify the thirteenth Amendment

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Radical Republicans React

• Johnsons policies did not punish the former
  Southern Confederates enough to satisfy the
  Radical Republicans.
• Radical Republicans passed legislation to
  strengthen the Freedmans Bureau, which gave
  former slaves and poor whites (of the former
  confederacy) food, clothing, hospitals, and
  schools.

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Black Codes

• Restrictive laws that Southern states adopted
  after the Civil War to regulate the freedom and
  movement of former slaves.

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Civil Rights Act of 1866

• Passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the
  veto of President Andrew Johnson. The act
  declared that all persons born in the United
  States were now citizens, without regard to race,
  color, or previous condition. This set the
  groundwork, and eventual ratification, of the
  14th Amendment.

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14th Amendment

• all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. are
  citizens of the country.
• This amendment did not specify that African
  Americans could vote
• Not all Southern States ratified this.

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Reconstruction Act of 1867

• Divided all succeeded states (but Tennessee) into
  5 Military Districts
• Each military district was headed by a Union
  General
• Each state had to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
• Each state had to draw up new constitutions with
  the addition of allowing African Americans the
  right to vote.

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Impeached

• To charge, or impeach, and convict the president,
  the vice president, or any other civil officers
  of misconduct in office.

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Johnson Impeached

• Congress adopted the Tenure of Office Act of
  1867, which denied the president authority to
  fire key members of his administration without
  Senate approval.
• Johnson tested that act when he attempted to
  replace Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, a
  Radical Republican holdover from Lincoln's
  administration.

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Impeachment

• The House of Representatives to adopt 11
  impeachment charges against him, most of which
  focused on the firing of Stanton

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Johnson cleared of charges

• Senate fell one vote shy of the two-thirds
  majority needed for conviction

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U.S. Grant Elected President, 1868

• Democrats did not nominate Johnson for the next
  presidency. They put in Horatio Seymour as their
  candidate.
• Radical Republicans put in war hero U.S. Grant.

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Fifteenth Amendment

• No one can be kept from voting because of race,
  color, or previous condition of servitude
• Ratified by the states in 1870.

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Amendment Review

• 13th Amendment
• Freedom
• 14th Amendment
• Citizenship
• 15th Amendment
• Vote

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Reconstruction Society
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Blacks in Reconstruction
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Hiram Revels

• From 1865 to 1877 African Americans were involved
  in politics at all levels.
• Revels, was the first African American Senator.
  (Mississippi)

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Carpetbagger

• Men from the North who traveled to the South
  after the Civil War to take advantage of the new
  political, social, and economic conditions in the
  former states of the defeated Confederacy.

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Scalawag

• Term that Southerners applied to fellow
  Southerners who joined the Republican Party or
  associated with carpetbaggers during
  Reconstruction.

Rhett Butler from the movie Gone with the Wind
was considered a Scalawag by Some.
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Sharecropping

• Landowners divide their land and gave each worker
  a few acres along with seed and tools.
• When crops are harvested each workers gave a
  share of his crop to the landowner.
• This is what the majority of poor whites and
  blacks did

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Tenant Farming

• Rent land for cash
• Had their own tools and equipment
• Eventually moved up the ladder and became owners
  of land

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The Collapse of Reconstruction

• Ku Klux Klan- began in December 1865, when a
  group of former Confederate soldiers in Tennessee
  joined together in an effort to keep newly freed
  and enfranchised African Americans from voting.

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Ku Klux Klan

• Vigilante group that whipped, tortured, and
  murdered former slaves in an attempt to restore
  white supremacy.

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Scandals In U.S. Grants Second Term

• Several Fraud and Bribery Scandals and a economic
  Panic in 1873 negatively effected Grants second
  term in office.
• This also weakened the Republican Partys hold on
  Congress

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Democrats Redeem the South

• Democrats gain control of the South as a result
  of the changes in Government.

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Election of 1876

• Rutherford B. Hayes runs as Republican candidate
  for President and wins in 1876 by a slim margin.
• Hayes made a compromise with Democrats in the
  Senate that he would remove Federal Troops from
  the south and build new railroads for sections of
  the South. Ultimately ending Reconstruction.

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Home Rule

• The ability to run state governments without
  federal intervention.

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Morehouse College

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vtumNO_lXovs

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Brother Where Art Thou

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vgLvcrsbliOo

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Black Codes of Thomas County

• http//freedmensbureau.com/georgia/gaoutragespt2.h
  tm