Review (Test Feb 2

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Review (Test Feb 2 3)

• Intro to Biology
• The cell
• Energy
• Genetics
• Molecular Genetics
• Molecular Genetics II
• Evolution

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Review Intro to Biology Chaps.2-5
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Characteristics of living things

• Cellular organization
• Order
• Sensitivity
• Growth, development, and reproduction
• Energy utilization
• Evolutionary adaptation
• Homeostasis

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Hierarchical Organization

• Organism
• Population
• Species
• Community
• Ecosystem

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Cell theory

• All living things consist of cells
• Cells are the smallest living thing
• All cells come from cells

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Matter

• Four elements make up human body
• C, H2, O2, N2
• Other elements
• K, Na, P, Ca, S, Cl2, Mg
• Trace elements
• Fe, Cu, Zn, I2

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Water

• 2/3s of organism made up of water
• Polar
• Hydrogen bonding
• Cohesion
• Attraction between water molecules
• Surface tension

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Water

• Adhesion
• Attraction of water to other molecules
• Capillary action
• Specific heat/heat of vaporization
• Density
• Solvent
• Hydrophobic
• Hydrophilic

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Water

• Ionization
• Dissociation
• pH
• Buffer
• Blood pH 7.4
• Bicarbonate ion

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• Hydrocarbons
• Contain only hydrogen and carbon
• Functional groups
• -OH, -COOH, -CO, -NH2
• Macromolecules
• Large molecules
• Polymers (monomers)

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Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids
• Synthesis
• Condensation or dehydration reaction
• Breakdown
• Hydrolysis

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Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides
• Carbon, hydrogen oxygen in a 121 ratio
• CH2O
• End in ose (glucose, fructose)
• Polysaccharides
• Storage, structures that protect the organism
• Starch (plant), glycogen (animal), cellulose
  (plant), chitin

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Lipids

• Insoluble in water
• Hydrophobic
• Fats
• Unsaturated
• Saturated
• Phospholipids
• Glycerol, phosphate, fatty acid
• Steroids
• Store energy and make membranes

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Proteins

• Amino acids
• Peptide bonds
• Structure
• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary
• Quaternary

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Proteins

• Enzyme catalysis
• Defense
• Transport
• Support
• Motion
• Regulation
• Storage

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Nucleic Acids

• DNA and RNA
• Genetic information
• Nucleotides are the subunits
• Nitrogenous base
• 5 carbon sugar
• Phosphate group