Apartheid

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Apartheid
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Clash of people

• Under the leadership of Shaka, the Zulu tribe
  pushed into southern Africa. (late 1700s)
• The defeated were shoved south as they advanced.
• They would settle in northern South Africa.

• 1652, The Dutch had settled in what as now Cape
  Town. They treated the locals as inferior.
• In the early 1800s the British won control of
  the Cape Colony.
• The Dutch (AKA the Boers) moved north.

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Only known drawing of Shaka standing with the
long throwing assegai and the heavy shield in
1824 - four years before his death
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• The Boers moved into the lands conquered recently
  by the Zulus.
• In 1867 and 1884, diamonds were discovered where
  the Boers had moved.
• A struggle ensued in 1902 for this land in what
  was known as the Boer War.
• British won and created the Union of South Africa
  and granted it self-government.

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• Only white men were allowed to vote.
• Boers made up the majority of the white
  population and gained control of the South
  African government.

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• Whites make up 16 percent of South Africas
  population.
• The majority of South Africans70 are black.
• 11 are mixed and 3 are Asian.

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Origin of Apartheid

• In 1948, the Nationalist party came to power in
  South Africa.
• Most were descendents of Dutch settlers who held
  on to views of white supremacy.
• They set up the strict legal system of apartheid
  (rigid separation of races)segregation already
  existed.
• Passes were required to leave designated areas
  for particular ethnic groups.

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General Rules

• The Population Registration Act of 1950 required
  all citizens of South Africa to be classified
  into categories according to their race.
  (white,black (African), and coloured (people of
  mixed descent).
• The Reservation of Separate Amenities Act of 1953
  created separate public facilities to be used by
  whites and blacks. Workers, Africans or Coloured,
  were restricted by law from protesting the
  enactment of the Native Labor Act of 1953.

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General Laws

• Government officials, under the Public Safety and
  Criminal Law Amendment Acts, possessed the power
  to declare states of emergency and increase the
  penalties for protesting against any or
  supporting the repeal of any government
  established law.
• Imprisonment, whippings, and fines were a few of
  the penalties the government could enforce.
• One such state of emergency occurred in 1960,
  during a peaceful protest at Sharpeville. Large
  groups of blacks refused to carry their dompas,
  attempting to overthrow the unjust Pass Law.
  According to the police, the protest became
  violent. During this particular protest, 69
  blacks were killed and another 187 were wounded.
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(UN Photo 151906C)
A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982.
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(UN Photo 155573)
A passbook that the South African blacks are
required to carry. Blacks and Coloureds were
compelled to carry identity documents. These
identity documents became a sort of passport by
which migration to so-called 'white South Africa
could be enforced. Blacks were prohibited from
living in (or even visiting) 'white' towns
without specific permission.
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Standing around as the dreaded police van goes
by. During the times of Apartheid these vans,
usually Bedfords, would patrol "White areas" in
search of Blacks without passes. The passes gave
"non-Whites" permission to be in a "White area".
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Inhabitants of Ekuvukene, a "resettlement"
village in the black "homeland" called KwaZulu in
Natal.
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http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_South_Afri
ca_in_the_apartheid_era
A rural area in Ciskei, one of the apartheid-era
"homelands"
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Umbulwana, Natal in 1982. Umbulwana was called "a
black spot" because it is in a "white" area. It
was eventually demolished and the inhabitants
forced to move to identically numbered houses in
"resettlement" villages in their designated
"homelands." Millions of black South Africans
were forcibly "resettled" in this way. (UN Photo
151703)
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• During the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s, the
  government implemented a policy of
  'resettlement', to force people to move to their
  designated 'group areas'. Some argue that over
  three and a half million people were forced,
  through this policy, to resettle during that
  period.

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The most well-publicised forced removals of the
1950s occurred in Johannesburg, where 60 000
people were moved to the new township of Soweto
(an acronym for South Western Township). Despite
the heavy influx of people into the township,
Soweto was situated far from the city centre and
the all-important work places, and contained few
amenities.
Houses in Soweto, a black township. (UN Photo
155571C)
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South African police at Alexandra Township in
1985. (UN Photo 155579)
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At home in the township of KwaMashu, just outside
of Durban, Natal. This area has seen plenty of
violence between the ANC and the Inkatha
movement.
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