Tenses of

1
Lesson 17

• Tenses of To Be
• AND
• Infinitive Used as Subject and Object

2
Principal Parts of To Be

• Sum, esse, fui, futurus
• 1st 3 of the 4 Principal Parts - 1st person
  singular (present), infinitive, 1st person
  singular, perfect tense
• Stems
• How do we form the stem of the verb in present
  tense?
• To form the perfect stem drop i from 3rd part

3
Learning Targets

• Recognize and know the future and perfect tense
  forms of the irregular verb meaning to be
• Gain an understanding of how the infinitive form
  of a verb can be used in a sentence.
• Be able to translate a sentence using a verbal
  noun.

4
Present tense of to be

• Sum
• ?
• ?
• Sumus
• ?
• ?

5
Future of To Be

• Hint we use the word wIll when we talk about
  doing something in the future. The letter I is a
  key to remembering the future tense.
• ero erimus
• eris eritis
• erit erunt

6
Perfect of To Besum, esse, fui, futurus

• fui fuimus
• fuisti fuistis
• fuit fuerunt

7
Infinitive Used as Subject

• Which principal part of the verb is the
  infinitive?
• The infinitive can be considered a verbal noun
  (the form of a verb that can be used as a noun)
• The infinitive, being a verbal noun can be used
  as the subject of a sentence.
• Ex. Errare est humanum (To err is human)
• NOTE the infinitive is not declined and is
  ALWAYS neuter (so any adjectives would be neuter
  as well).

8
Predicate Nominative

• What is a predicate nominative? Give examples.
• To have a predicate nominative in a sentence,
  what kind of verb must be used?
• The infinitive, being a verbal noun, can be a
  predicate nominative.
• Anything that can be the subject can be a
  predicate nominative.
• Ex. To see is to believe what is the subject?
  What is the predicate nominative?

9
Infinitive Used as Direct Object

• The infinitive can be used as a direct object
  (since it is, after all, a verbal noun).
  Again, it is not declined, so you do not add the
  accusative case endings.
• Ex. She wants to go to the mall.
• Servos liberare parat. (He prepares to free
  the slaves).

10
Objects of the Verbal Nouns

• Servos liberare parat.
• Being a verbal noun, the infinitive can also
  have an object what word is the object of the
  infinitive in the above sentence?
• Another example Amicos habere est gratum. (To
  have friends is pleasing). What is the direct
  object of the infinitive?