Aim: What were the goals of the English Revolutions?

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Aim What were the goals of the English
Revolutions?
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Rock-a-bye baby In the treetops When the wind
blows the cradle will rock When the bough breaks
the cradle will fall And down will come baby,
cradle and all
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The state of monarchy is the supremest thing on
earth. For kings are not only Gods lieutenants
on earth, and sit upon Gods throne, but even by
God Himself are called gods.-- King James I
of England, speaking to Parliament
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Negative vs. Positive Rights

• NEGATIVE RIGHTS
• Freedom from oppression by government
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of religion
• Right to bear arms

• POSITIVE RIGHTS
• Right to choose your own government
• Right to a job
• Right to housing
• Right to healthcare

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The Rights of Englishmen Magna Carta, 12th
century

• ? Trial by Jury
• ? Right to face your accuser in court
• ? Speedy trial
• No taxation without the consent of Parliament
  (later representation)
• NEGATIVE RIGHTS

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What were the rights of free-born Englishmen?

• What did the common Englishmans birthright
  consist in? Freedom from absolutism, freedom
  from arbitrary arrest, trial by jury, equality
  before the law, the freedom of the home from
  arbitrary entrance and search. the Englishman
  was not prepared to be pushed around. The
  stance of the common Englishman was not so much
  democratic, in any positive sense, as
  anti-absolutist. He felt himself to be an
  individualist, with few affirmative rights, but
  protected by the laws against the intrusions of
  arbitrary power. He claimed few rights except
  that of being left alone.

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Rise of the English Bourgeoisie (Merchant
Capitalism) leads to class and religious struggle
with King and nobility

• Represented in the English Parliament
• Conflicts between Parliament and the king over
  taxation (power) and religion
• English Civil War
• What should be the goals of this war?
• Who will fight against the King?

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Grandees vs. Levelers

• What kind of government will replace absolutism?
• What kind of Revolution should we have?
• What kind of Rights should be granted, and to
  who?
• What stream of the Enlightenment does each
  group seem to favor?

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The Glorious Revolution triumph of the English
bourgeoisie

• James II - a Catholic, tries to rule as an
  Absolutist
• When James has a son
• Parliament invites his daughter Mary, and her
  husband William, king of the Netherlands (both
  Protestants), to rule England - The Glorious
  Revolution (1689)
• William signs the English Bill of Rights

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Rock-a-bye baby In the treetops
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The Glorious Revolution 1689
When the wind blows the cradle will rock When the
bough breaks the cradle will fall And down will
come baby, cradle and all
The wind blows William and Mary to England James
II and his Catholic baby flee to France
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Two similarities to watch for in all the
revolutions we look at

• An emerging social class (the
  bourgeoisie) needs help from the common people to
  make their revolution victorious, and promises
  them rights and freedoms

After the revolution is won, the new
ruling class limits the promised rights of the
common people