Titel

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HOW TO PRESENT A SCIENTIFIC LECTURE
P Devroey
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Science

• Innovation
• Communication
• Written
• Abstract
• Peer reviewed manuscript
• Oral communication
• Presentation of abstract
• Invited lecture
• Press conference

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Adapted from Fatemi 2009
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Science

• Creative
• Mechanism of action
• Pilot studies
• Observational studies
• Randomized controlled trials
• Evidence Based Medicine

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Considerations

• Hard science (world first and proven) ?
• Which is the focus of the talk ?
• Ethical reflections ?
• What do I want you as audience to
  remember ? Take home message

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Hostmanship

• Guest and host
• Feeling welcome
• Experience of added value
• Jan Gunnarsson 2004

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Basic principle of hostmanship

• Knowledge
• Take care
• Dialogue
• Helicopter view
• House style

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Personal considerations

• Inspiration
• Educational
• Esthetic
• Challenge
• Surprise

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Format of the lecture

• Transparent
• Forward looking
• Modest
• Clear
• Conscious
• Constructive

• Supported
• Trustworthy
• Appreciative
• Wise
• Decisive
• Passionate

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Preparation of the presentation

• Presentation
• Planning
• Practice

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The triangle concept
Slides
Laserpointer
Audience
Presenter
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The mouse concept
Slides
Mouse
Audience
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The podium concept
Projection
Laser
Speaker (moving)
Chairs (sitting)
Laser
Audience
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Seven basic rules of a presentation

1. Never more than 7 lines on each slide
2. One minute per slide
3. Colour
4. Focussed presentation with references
5. Tonality
6. Body language
7. Travelling from one slide to another

How not to do it
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HOW NOT TO DO IT
The accurate detection of underlying
reproductive abnormalities helps to guide
individual management decisions and maximize ART
treatment outcomes. Clinical evaluation of the
infertile couple may be grouped into five
categories semen analysis, the post-coital test
(PCT), assessment of ovulation, uterine and tubal
evaluation, and laparoscopy (Balasch, 2000). Of
these, semen analysis, mid-luteal phase serum
progesterone level and tubal patency evaluation
comprise the initial basic patient work-up
(Crosignani and Rubin, 2000). However, the use of
several fundamental elements of infertility
testing is still contentious, and evidence
suggests that the current World Health
Organization (WHO) recommendations for the
standard investigation of the infertile couple
are poorly followed in Europe (Rowe et al., 1993
Balasch, 2000). Semen analysis Humans have a
low proportion of normal sperm compared with
many other species. Although relatively few
studies of semen analysis have been performed in
men with proven fertility, there is a high degree
of overlap in semen characteristics between
fertile and infertile men (Guzick et al., 2001).
High-quality semen analysis has diagnostic value
for gross male infertility conditions (such as
azoospermia or globozoospermia), but the
predictive value of an individual semen analysis
is less robust when moderate numbers of motile
sperm are present (Comhaire, 2000). Semen
analysis comprises sperm concentration, motility
and morphology. No isolated semen analysis
measures have been shown to be diagnostic of
infertility in large studies (Guzick et al.,
2001). In an effort to increase the value of
semen analyses, results have been incorporated
into complex prediction models (Snick et al.,
1997 Hunault et al., 2004). However, the output
of these models has large confidence intervals
and results must be interpreted cautiously (Snick
et al., 1997 Hunault et al., 2004). Evidence
suggests that the WHO recommendations for
performance of semen analysis and reporting of
results are adhered to poorly in routine
laboratory practice (Keel et al., 2002 Riddell
et al., 2005). Despite the availability of
established systems to improve staff training in
semen assessments, such as ESHRE courses
(Bjorndahl et al., 2002), the majority of
laboratories still do not have accurate methods
or appropriate training systems. Thus, semen
analysis results are often variable. The
demonstrated absence of standardization and
strict quality control for semen analysis
undermines the diagnostic and prognostic value of
the test. Despite the limitations described,
semen analysis is routinely used to evaluate the
fertilization potential of the male partner in
infertile couples. Semen analysis outcomes also
guide management decisions and often influence
the choice of expectant management, intrauterine
insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF)
or intracytoplasmic sperm injection
(ICSI). Greater standardization of semen
analysis and accurate laboratory evaluation is
clearly needed to improve the prognostic value of
semen analysis (Ombelet et al., 2003).
Furthermore, high-quality studies are required to
identify threshold levels that are predictive of
treatment outcome to assist decision-making for
ART treatment. Sperm function tests may offer
greater predictive power than traditional semen
analysis but require strict validation prior to
use in routine clinical practice
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HOW NOT TO DO IT

• What is the etiology of the luteal phase
  defect in stimulated cycles ?
• Oocyte retrieval ?
• GnRH agonist ?
• hCG ?
• Stimulation ?
• Combination of those factors ?

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HOW NOT TO DO IT

• What is the etiology of the luteal phase
  defect in stimulated cycles ?
• Oocyte retrieval ?
• GnRH agonist ?
• hCG ?
• Stimulation ?
• Combination of those factors ?

HR 1996 FS 2000 JCM 1985
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HOW TO DO IT

• What is the etiology of the luteal phase
  defect in stimulated cycles ?
• Oocyte retrieval ?
• GnRH agonist ?
• hCG ?
• Stimulation ?
• Combination of those factors ?

Fatemi Human Reproduction 2000 Fauser Human
Reproduction 2008 Blockeel Human Reproduction 2009
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Preparation

• What do I need to tell the audience ?
• How can I focus ?
• How can I keep the audience interested ?
• What did I publish ?
• KISS - Keep It Straightforwardly Simple

Wording
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Wording during the lecture

• NO
• I feel
• I think
• There is a trend to prove
• My personal view is

• YES
• It is observed
• A tentative interpretation of the data is
• So far its not significant
• The meta-analysis did show

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Planning

• Story
• Take home message
• Coda

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Considerations on personal guidelines

• Brain and behavior have to be in balance
• Fluent wording
• Constructive and innovative
• Transparent but provocative
• Focus on strategies and structures
• Traveling from slide to slide

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Conditions to be creative

• Transparent rational behavior
• Convinced about change and novelty
  (progressive versus conservative)
• Global interest
• Personal niche
• Hotel room (cocooning)
• Monastery (isolation)
• Airplane (detached)

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Consideration on provocation

• Notwithstanding, an unacceptable and immoral
  act according to the Vatican (1987), ICSI
  and TESE ICSI which we developed, led and
  will lead to the birth of millions of
  children
• Is this observation not an inspiring
  contradiction dedicated to the temple of
  humanity (Guayasamin, Quito)

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Conclusions

• Preparation is of paramount importance
• Podium concept is mandatory
• Eye contact and body language are crucial
• The triangle concept helps communication

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CODA

• Hostmanship
• Innovative story ICSI
• All men can be the father of their own
  child
• ICSI is applied globally
• Thousands and millions of children are and
  will be born tomorrow

Aknowledgements to Melissa Defreyne