The French Revolution

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The French Revolution "Liberal" Phase 1789-1791
By Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S.
Chappaqua, NY
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It was the best of times, it was the worst of
times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age
of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it
was the epoch of incredulity --
Charles Dickens A Tale of Two
Cities
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The French Monarchy1775 - 1793
Marie Antoinette Louis XVI
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Marie Antoinette and the Royal Children
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Marie AntoinettesPeasant Cottage
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Marie AntoinettesPeasant Cottage
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The Necklace Scandal
1,600,000 livres100 million today

• Cardinal Louis René Édouard de Rohan
• The Countess de LaMotte

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Let Them Eat Cake!

• Madame Deficit
• The Austrian Whore

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French Budget, 1774
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Where is the tax money?
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Financial Problemsin France, 1789

• Urban CommonersBudget
• Food 80
• Rent 25
• Tithe 10
• Taxes 35
• Clothing 20
• TOTAL 170

• Kings Budget
• Interest 50
• Army 25
• Versailles 25
• Coronation 10
• Loans 25
• Admin. 25
• TOTAL 160

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The French Urban Poor
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Socio-Economic Data, 1789
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Ancien Regime Map, 1789
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Convening the Estates General May, 1789
Last time it was called into session was 1614!
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The Suggested Voting PatternVoting by Estates
Clergy 1st Estate
1
Aristocracy 2nd Estate
1
1
Commoners 3rd Estate
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The Number of Representativesin the Estates
General Vote by Head!
Clergy 1st Estate
300
Aristocracy 2nd Estate
300
648
Commoners 3rd Estate
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Europe on the Eve of theFrench Revolution
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The Third Estate Awakens
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The Tennis Court Oathby Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789
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Lettres de Cachet

• The French king could warrant imprisonment or
  death in a signed letter under his seal.

• A carte-blanche warrant.

• Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000 during the reign
  of Louis XV!

• Eliminated in 1790.

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Storming the Bastille,July 14, 1789
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Revolutionary Paris, 1789
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The Great FearPeasant Revolt
July 20, 1789
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March of the Women,October 5-6, 1789
We want the baker, the bakers wife and the
bakers boy!
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National Constituent Assembly1789 - 1791
Liberté!
Egalité!
Fraternité!
August Decrees(August 4-11, 1789)

• Equality Meritocracy

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The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen
August 26,1789
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The Tricolor (1789)
The WHITE of the Bourbons the RED BLUE of
Paris.
Citizen!
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83 Revolutionary Departments
February 26, 1790
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Planting the Tree of Liberty
1790
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The Civil Constitution
of the Clergy
July 12,1790
Juryingvs.Non-JuryingClergy
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Assignats
They were backed by the sale of Church lands.
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Louis XVI Accepts the Constitution the
National Assembly. 1791
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The French Constitution of 1791 A Bourgeois
Government

• The king got the suspensive veto which
  prevented the passage of laws for 4 years.
  he could not pass laws. his ministers
  were responsible for their own actions.

• A permanent, elected, single chamber National
  Assembly. had the power to grant taxation.

• An independent judiciary.

• Active Citizen vs. Passive Citizen.

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Louis XVI Tried to Escape to Varennes, 1791
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The Cordeliers

• The Society of the Friends of the Rights of
  Man and of the Citizen.
• Organized in 1790.
• It provided a political base for Danton and
  Marat.
• It eventually drifted to the extreme left
  after Marats death.
• Taken over by Jacques Réne Hébert and the
  Hébertists, who controlled the Paris Commune.
• Called for the deposition of the king.

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The Champs de Mar Massacre (July 17, 1791)

• Led by the Cordeliers.
• Put down by the Marquis de Lafayette and the
  newly-created National Guard.

1757 1834
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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES

• Hist210Europe in the Age of Revolutions.http
  //www.ucl.ac.uk/history/courses/europe1/chron/rch5
  .htm
• Liberty, Fraternity, Equality Exploring the
  French Revolution. http//chnm.gmu.edu/revolution
  /
• Matthews, Andrew. Revolution and Reaction
  Europe, 1789-1849. CambridgeUniversity Press,
  2001.
• The Napoleonic Guide. http//www.napoleonguide
  .com/index.htm