Perception: The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

1
Perception The process of organizing and
interpreting sensory information

• PERCEPTION

2
Top-Down Processing using our past experiences
and expectations to organize and interpret
situations

• Principles of Perceptual Organization
• Gestalt- organizing bits of pieces into a whole

3
Seeing is believing

• http//www.scientificpsychic.com/graphics/
• http//www.neave.com/strobe/
• http//www.doctorhugo.org/illusions/illusion1.html

4
I. GESTALT PRINCIPLESpg 224

• Proximity-
• Similarity
• Closure
• Continuity
• Simplicity

5
1. Proximity The tendency to group objects that
are close together
6
2. Similarity The tendency to group items that
look similar
7
3. Closure the tendency to fill in gaps in
order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole
object
8

• Continuity-
• we see continuous patterns not disrupted ones

• Simplicity-
• see the simplest shape

9
II. Figure Ground Perception
10
Figure-Ground The tendency to view stimuli as
objects (or figures) that stand out from the
background (or ground)Figure ground is
important in hearing as well.. Following a voice
at a meeting (figure) the rest is groundMelody
figureother music ground

• The figure is the object that draws ones
  attention.
• Ex islands in the ocean

11
III. Perceptual Inference

• Filling in the gaps in what our senses tell us

12
IV. Learning to Perceive

• Subliminal messages- brief auditory or visual
  messages that are presented below the absolute
  threshold
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vPVrOFt-0-e0

13
(No Transcript)
14
V. Depth Perception

• The ability to see in 3-D and judge distances

15
A. Visual Cliff

• A laboratory device for testing depth perception
  in infants
• Infants are reluctant to crawl past the edge of
  the visual cliff
• Other animals had similar results.
• Suggests that depth perception, to some extend,
  is inborn

16
Visual Cliff
17
(No Transcript)
18
B. Binocular Cues depend on the movement of
both eyes

• Retinal Disparity the somewhat different images
  our two eyes receive of the same object, helps us
  perceive depth

19
Binocular Depth Cues Finger Sausage
20
Monocular Depth Cues perceive distance and
depth. Cues using one eye only
21
1. Relative Size The larger the object appears,
the closer the object is to the viewer

• 2. Relative Height Objects that are higher in
  our field of vision appear farther away than
  lower ones

22
(No Transcript)
23
3. Relative Motion

• Farther objects appear to move in the same
  direction as the viewer.
• Closer objects appear to move in the opposite
  direction.

24
Relative Motion
25
4. Interposition Overlap of closer objects
over distant ones

• 5. Texture Gradient Distant objects have a
  smoother texture than nearby ones

26
6. Relative Clarity closer objects appear
clearer and more distinct than distant ones

• 7. Linear Perspective parallel lines appear to
  converge in the distance
• 8. Motion parallax the apparent movement of
  stationary objects relative to one another when
  you move your head from side to side.

27
(No Transcript)
28
VI. Constancy

• The tendency to perceive certain objects in the
  same way regardless of the changing angle,
  distance or lighting

29
VII. Illusions

• incorrect perceptions

30
VIII ESP

• the ability to gain information by some means
  other than the ordinary senses