AFPC Policy

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AFPC Policy

• Protect its personnel, contractors,3rd parties
  and the environment against the hazards of
  exposure to ionizing radiation due to AFPC
  activities.
• Avoid uncontrolled releases of radioactive
  contaminated substances and to minimize the
  effects of past deposits
• apply the principles of ICRP 60 for radiation
  protection ( justification of a practice,
  optimization of protection and dose risk
  limitation)
• avoid the need for classified radiological
  workers wherever reasonably practicable

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Clean up of NORM contaminated areas

• Radiological surveys have identified AFPC areas
  which have become contaminated with NORM.
• AFPC procedure is applicable to all AFPC
  activities to decontaminate NORM affected areas.
• define standards and ensure availability of
  resources for decontamination.

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Clean up of NORM contamination areas

• Typical clean up activities shall be controlled
  by a defined work methodology
• A detailed execution plan
• Proposed clean up criteria
• Special measures

4
NORM in Oil and Gas Industry

• Releases of radioactivity with produced water
• Radioactive surface contamination on production
  equipment
• Radioactive sludges
• Radioactive scales
• Radioactive surface contamination on disused
  equipment

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NORM Remediation Programme

• All NORM contaminated areas have been extensively
  investigated by SAEC.
• As the Syrian regulatory body, SAEC stated the
  preferred options for the permanent management of
  NORM contaminated waste
• The final option has been supported by the
  external consultants AEA technology.

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Main Concept

• to have all NORM Remediation projects integrated
  into a larger Programme of environmental
  remediation.
• The AFPC Programme is designed to meet regulatory
  requirements and International Standards to
  acceptable levels at reasonable cost.

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Syrian Clean-up and Disposal Criteria for NORM
contaminated soils

• At 0.15 Bq/g of Ra226 or less no treatment
  required.
• More than 5.2 Bq/g of Ra226 must be treated as
  radioactive waste.
• Between 0.15Bq/g and 5.2 Bq/g of Ra226 need a
  special treatment on site to reduce exposure to a
  value 0.1 mSv/y.

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The final option

• following recommendations by SAEC and
• AEA Technology, AFPC preferred route for
• three NORM contaminated areas is
• engineered disposal mounds, while disposal
• the fourth is by stabilization in a landfill.

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Requirements for engineered mound disposal
facilities

• Provide isolation of the waste from the
  surrounding environment
• Inhibit surface water infiltration into the waste
• Inhibit erosion of the cover over the waste
• Maintain a separation between the waste and the
  ground water
• Promote the drainage of water that infiltrates
  the wast out of the waste

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Requirements for engineered mound disposal
facilities

• inhibit human and animal intrusion through the
  cover into the waste
• Maintain stability under foreseen subsurface and
  geologic condition
• the site for a dedicated facility should above
  flood - plain levels

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Requirements for engineered mound disposal
facilities

• The facility should be able to cope with major
  events(flood,earthquake,and fire) on a time-scale
  of gt 200 years.
• Performance requirements during construction use
  of reasonably available materials and machinery
• Optimization of waste movement and keeping
  radiation dose to workers ALARA

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Engineered Disposal Pits

• All contaminated materials excavated and removed
  to disposal pit
• Co-disposal of sludge encapsulation
• Lined pits

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Thayyem channel / sludge materials removed to
disposal pit
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El-Ward lagoon materials removed to disposal pit
NW of plant
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