EGOV.*

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• EGOV.
• An Action Framework for Governance 2.0

• Tomasz Janowski, Adegboyega Ojo, Elsa Estevez
• tj,ao,elsa_at_iist.unu.edu

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aim
MOTIVATION Explain Governance 2.0 and the reasons for a systematic approach to its development.
FRAMEWORK Introduce EGOV. - An Action Framework for Electronic Government
DETAILS Explaining six main actions of the framework Readiness Assessment Research and Problem Solving Strategy Development Program Development Human Capacity Development Organizational Capacity Development
ADAPTATION Explain how EGOV. could be applied to implement Governance 2.0 strategies
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overview

• 1

• Governance 2.0

• 2

• EGOV. - Electronic Government Development
  Framework

• 3

• Applying EGOV. to Governance 2.0

• 4

• Conclusions

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Electronic government
DEFINITION Technology-enabled transformation of government organizations and their relationships with citizens, businesses and other arms of government. Technology-enabled transformation of government organizations and their relationships with citizens, businesses and other arms of government.
AIMS Customer orientation Business-like management Quality public services Citizens engagement and trust Customer orientation Business-like management Quality public services Citizens engagement and trust
ENABLERS Processes Technology Policies People Reengineering administrative/business processes ICT environment to support organizational change Well-defined direction for technology-supported change Public workforce trained in leadership, management and technical skills
RISKS 1) Over-reliance on technology 2) Inadequate public consultation 3) Insufficient collaboration in government 4) Lack of emphasis on building human capacity 5) Absence internal ownership, vision or strategy 6) Direct adoption of solutions designed for other contexts 7) Insufficient learning and research to precede implementation 8) Insufficient administrative reform to accompany e-Government, etc. 1) Over-reliance on technology 2) Inadequate public consultation 3) Insufficient collaboration in government 4) Lack of emphasis on building human capacity 5) Absence internal ownership, vision or strategy 6) Direct adoption of solutions designed for other contexts 7) Insufficient learning and research to precede implementation 8) Insufficient administrative reform to accompany e-Government, etc.
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Governance 2.0 what?
DEFINITION The use of social media (Web 2.0 technologies) by governments for improving citizen access to information, participation in policy processes, delivery of customer-focused services and harnessing collective intelligence of citizens The use of social media (Web 2.0 technologies) by governments for improving citizen access to information, participation in policy processes, delivery of customer-focused services and harnessing collective intelligence of citizens
CONTEXT Converging with other long-term societal trends such as Empowering citizens The rise of knowledge workers The importance of informal learning User-driven innovation Transformation of hierarchical into network-based organizations Converging with other long-term societal trends such as Empowering citizens The rise of knowledge workers The importance of informal learning User-driven innovation Transformation of hierarchical into network-based organizations
TECHNOLOGIES Blogs Wiki (e.g. Wikipedia)
TECHNOLOGIES Podcasts RSS feeds
TECHNOLOGIES Tagging (e.g. Flickr, del.icio.us) Social networks e.g. Facebook, Myspace
TECHNOLOGIES Search engines Massive Multiplayer Online Games e.g. World of Warcraft or Second Life
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Governance 2.0 why?
Expected benefits of Governance 2.0 Expected benefits of Governance 2.0 Expected benefits of Governance 2.0
1 User-orientation Solutions like PatientOpinion.org.uk help understand user needs while public feedback and rating systems stimulate user-orientation
2 Transparency and accountability Applications like TheyWorkForYou.com and PlanningAlerts.com enable citizen awareness and monitoring of government activities.
3 Participation and inclusiveness E-Participation solutions such as e-Petitions stimulate debate and participation in public decision-making.
4 Joined-up government Applications like Intellipedia or knowledge management platform of Allen and Overy enable better collaboration across and within organizations, reducing the "silo effect" and duplication of efforts
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Governance 2.0 where?
Major applications of Web 2.0 in government Major applications of Web 2.0 in government
Back office Regulation Cross-agency collaboration Knowledge management Front office Service provision Political participation Transparency Law enforcement
The Application Participatory Governance The Application Participatory Governance
Governance entails processes and institutions that contribute to public decision-making. Participatory Governance treats citizen engagement as the locus of governance, covering preference determination policy formulation policy implementation monitoring and accountability Governance entails processes and institutions that contribute to public decision-making. Participatory Governance treats citizen engagement as the locus of governance, covering preference determination policy formulation policy implementation monitoring and accountability
Governance 2.0 enables and supports Participatory Governance through the use of Web 2.0 technology. Governance 2.0 enables and supports Participatory Governance through the use of Web 2.0 technology.
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Governance 2.0 planning
Planning for Governance 2.0 Planning for Governance 2.0
Considering Governance 2.0 as a Technology concern. Focusing on the core governance issues that will benefit most from Governance 2.0. Aligning technology (Governance 2.0) and organizational (Participatory Governance) aspects.
Organization
Technology
Participatory Governance Strategy
Governance 2.0 Strategy
Strategy
Participatory Governance Structure
Governance 2.0 Structure
Structure
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Governance 2.0 implementation
Adopting a strategy and program development framework which supports the alignment of Participatory Governance and Governance 2.0.
The process entails Developing a Governance 2.0 Strategy Designing a Governance 2.0 Architecture and supporting infrastructure Ensuring the existence of an explicit Participatory Governance strategy Ensuring that the necessary enablers and processes for Participatory Governance are provided Aligning 1 to 4
Developing Governance 2.0 strategy and program could be carried out through the EGOV. framework.
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Governance 2.0 issues
Despite the popularity of Governance 2.0, a number of implementation issues are coming to the fore
Justifying the value expected from the Governance 2.0 adoption, since unrestricted access to audio and video streams can overwhelm networks that were not designed to accommodate large volumes of such traffic in terms of bandwidth requirements and security vulnerability. Overcoming the perception by tax payers and the public that the use of Web 2.0 by governments is not a legitimate government business. The need for monitoring and cleaning up contributed contents to maintain productive public communication, and the need for a clear policy of what is and isnt allowed in the public virtual space, may open government to the charges of political censorship. Ensuring that new electronic channels of participation created by Governance 2.0 are not monopolized or manipulated by a vocal minority.
These issues reflect the need for a planned approach to Governance 2.0 implementation.
11
overview

• 1

• Governance 2.0

• 2

• EGOV. - Electronic Government Development
  Framework

• 3

• Applying EGOV. to Governance 2.0

• 4

• Conclusions

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aim

• EGOV. aims to
• define an implementation strategy,
• to construct a government program to realize this
  strategy, and
• to build the capacity of the local institutions
  to implement and benefit from the program
• towards the development of Electronic Government
  for a given Public Administration (PA).

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Egov. actions

1. READINESS ASSESSMENT
2. RESEARCH
3. STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
4. PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
5. HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING
6. ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY BUILDING

EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework
Building Organizational Capacity Constructing e-Government Program Constructing e-Government Program Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Defining Implementation Strategy Defining Implementation Strategy Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity
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Action 1 readiness assessment

• Identify the state-of-practice and
  state-of-readiness for Electronic Government in
  the PA, including existing initiatives and
  studies.

EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework
Building Organizational Capacity Constructing e-Government Program Constructing e-Government Program Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Defining Implementation Strategy Defining Implementation Strategy Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity
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Action 2 research

• Identify relevant international best practices
  and adapt them to the conditions in the PA,
  considering the results of the READINESS
  ASSESSMENT activity.

EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework
Building Organizational Capacity Constructing e-Government Program Constructing e-Government Program Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Defining Implementation Strategy Defining Implementation Strategy Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity
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Action 3 strategy Development

• Agree on the vision for the future of Electronic
  Government in the PA and define a set of goals,
  strategies and targets to realize this vision,
  taking into account the results of the READINESS
  ASSESSMENT and RESEARCH activities.

EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework
Building Organizational Capacity Constructing e-Government Program Constructing e-Government Program Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Defining Implementation Strategy Defining Implementation Strategy Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity
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Action 4 program Development

• Define a concrete government program through
  which the goals and strategies defined during the
  STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT activity could be
  implemented.

EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework
Building Organizational Capacity Constructing e-Government Program Constructing e-Government Program Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Defining Implementation Strategy Defining Implementation Strategy Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity
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Action 5 HUMAN CAPACITY Development

• Raising the capacity of the public workforce in
  the PA, covering a range of leadership,
  management and technical skills, to be able to
  lead, implement and benefit from the PROGRAM
  activity.

EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework
Building Organizational Capacity Constructing e-Government Program Constructing e-Government Program Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Defining Implementation Strategy Defining Implementation Strategy Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity
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Action 6 ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY Development

• Establishing a Center of Excellence (or Resource
  Center) on Electronic Governance in the PA, on
  the basis of existing institutions, and raising
  organizational capacity of this Center to play
  the role of central coordinator of Electronic
  Governance in the PA.

EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework EGOV. - e-Government Development Framework
Building Organizational Capacity Constructing e-Government Program Constructing e-Government Program Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Defining Implementation Strategy Defining Implementation Strategy Building Human Capacity
Building Organizational Capacity Assessing Readiness Researching Best Practices Building Human Capacity
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Experience in applying EGOV.

• EGOV. is being implemented in three states
• Macao SAR (e-Macao) - the EGOV. framework was
  developed out of the experience of implementing
  the e-Macao project from July 2004 to December
  2006. A good number of projects are currently
  being implemented (since January 2007) in line
  with the developed Strategy.
• Afghanistan (EGOV.AF) - The project commenced in
  May 2009 and is presently in the strategy
  development phase. Comprehensive readiness data
  have been collected through both offline and
  online survey instruments provided in local
  languages. The project is scheduled for
  completion in October 2010.
• Cameroon (EGOV.CM) The project commenced I
  January 2010 and is presently in Research phase.
  Pilot readiness exercise is scheduled to commence
  by early June 2010. The project is scheduled for
  completion by June 2010.
• Defining characteristics of the framework
  includes - focus on ownership, local partnership
  (in addition to international partnership),
  institution building and sustainability.

21
overview

• 1

• Governance 2.0

• 2

• EGOV. - Electronic Government Development
  Framework

• 3

• Applying EGOV. to Governance 2.0

• 4

• Conclusions

22
EGOV. for developing governance 2.0
Steps to be undertaken for implementing Governance 2.0 based on the EGOV. framework
Establishing clear vision and goals for Gov 2.0 Establishing the readiness and needs for Gov 2.0 adoption Benchmark studies of other governments use of Web 2.0 technologies for Gov 2.0 Policy Developing Gov 2.0 strategy Developing Gov 2.0 program Implementing selected pilot Gov 2.0 initiatives Developing capacity of government officials and raising awareness of citizens on the use of Web 2.0 Etc.
23
overview

• 1

• Governance 2.0

• 2

• EGOV. - Electronic Government Development
  Framework

• 3

• Applying EGOV. to Governance 2.0

• 4

• Conclusions

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conclusion

• We conclude the presentation with the following
  points
• While it is clear that Web 2.0 and Governance 2.0
  potentially provides concrete benefits in terms
  participation, like any technological solution,
  realizing these benefits is not trivial.
• Experiences from around the world shows the need
  for an explicit policy to shape the form and
  scope of Governance 2.0 adoption.
• Strategic alignment between Governance 2.0
  strategy (technology strategy) and Participatory
  Governance strategy (organizational strategy) is
  critical for concrete outcomes.
• While there are already exciting opportunities
  provided by the existing Web 2.0 tools, more
  opportunities particularly for the public sector
  lie in automatic processing of the huge amounts
  of data provided by citizens on social media,
  through the integration across social media
  applications and mining valuable information from
  these data to support policy decisions.
• A concrete approach to implementing Governance
  2.0 is the EGOV. framework.

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• Thank you for listening!
• More information www.egov.iist.unu.edu.

• Tomasz Janowski, Adegboyega Ojo, Elsa Estevez
• tj,ao,elsa_at_iist.unu.edu