ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration

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ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration
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What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells
Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate
bonds
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Chemical Structure of ATP
Adenine Base
3 Phosphates
Ribose Sugar
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What Does ATP Do for You?

• It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

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How Do We Get Energy From ATP?

• By breaking the high- energy bonds between the
  last two phosphates in ATP

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What is the Process Called?

• HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)

H2O
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How Does That Happen?
An Enzyme!
ATPase
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How is ATP Re-Made?

• The reverse of the previous process occurs.

Another Enzyme is used ATP synthetase
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The ADP-ATP Cycle
ATP
Energy released
Energy used
ADP
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When is ATP Made in the Body?

• During a Process called Cellular Respiration that
  takes place in both Plants Animals

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Cellular Respiration

• Process in which cells get energy from glucose.
• Requires oxygen
• Breakdown of one glucose results in 36 to 38 ATP
  molecules

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• Analogy
• (between the process of cellular respiration in
  our cells and a car)
• The mitochondria are the engines of our cells
  where sugar is burned for fuel and the exhaust is
  CO2 and H2O.

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Overall Equation for Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 6O2
YIELDS
6CO2 6H20 36-38ATPs
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What are the Stages of Cellular Respiration?

• Glycolysis
• The Krebs Cycle
• The Electron Transport Chain

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Where Does Cellular Respiration Take Place?

• It takes place in two parts of the cell

Glycolysis occurs in the Cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle ETC Take place in the Mitochondria
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Review of Mitochondria Structure

• Smooth outer Membrane
• Folded inner membrane
• Folds called Cristae
• Space inside cristae called the Matrix

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Glycolysis Summary

• Takes place in the cytoplasm
• Process of splitting glucose (6 C) into two 3-C
  molecules of pyruvic acid.
• Needs 2 ATPs to start reaction
• Produces 4 ATPs Net gain of 2 ATPs
• Reactant Glucose
• Products
• 2 ATP energy
• 2 NADH electron carrier
• 2 Pyruvic acids will be broken down next
• Does not require O2 - anaerobic

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Krebs Cycle Summary

• Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
• Takes place in matrix of mitochondria

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Krebs Cycle Summary

• For each Glucose molecule, the Krebs Cycle
  produces
• 6 NADH (electron carrier)
• 2 FADH2 (electron carrier)
• 4 CO2
• 2 ATP

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Electron Transport Chain Summary

• 34 ATP Produced
• H2O Produced
• Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial membrane

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Fermentation

• Occurs when O2 NOT present (anaerobic)
• TWO TYPES
• Lactic Acid fermentation in muscle cells (makes
  muscles tired)
• Alcoholic fermentation in yeast (produces
  ethanol)
• Nets only 2 ATP

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Alcohol Fermentation

• Products important in bread making and in beer
  and wine industries

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Lactic acid fermentation

• Takes place in some fungi, some bacteria
  (Lactobacillus acidophilus), and occasionally in
  our muscles
• Makes energy (2 ATP) and lactic acid
• Lactic acid in yogurt gives the tart taste.
• Lactic acid in muscles causes soreness.