ATP,

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ATP, Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration
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• Living things need energy to survive and
  function.
• You get the energy you need from the food you
  eat.
• Where does that energy come from?
• Sun ? Plants ? You !!!

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• You must eat food to get energy (you are a
  heterotroph).
• When you breakdown your food you store the energy
  in the bonds of ATP.
• Plants can make their own food (they are
  autotrophs).
• Plants store sunlight energy in the chemical
  bonds of glucose (a carbohydrate).

ATP
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glucose
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ATP Energy Storage
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• WHAT IS ATP?
• Universal Energy Molecule
• The cells Energy Bank
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
• Consist of
• a sugar called ribose
• N containing Adenine
• Three phosphate groups

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ATP
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Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
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• When the energy is used the
• ATP is converted into ADP

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P
P
ADP
ATP
Partially charged battery
Fully charged battery
The Bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP are
VERY HIGH ENERGY. When a phosphate group is
removed-energy is released
CLIP
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Using ATP in Active Transport Animation
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ATP
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• Cell can make ATP from ADP by using the energy
  from carbohydrates.
• This means that the energy in carbohydrates is
  then stored in ATP until needed by cells.

Breaking down Carbohydrates releases energy
ADP
ATP
Energy from the Carbohydrates is stored in ATP!!!
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. ATP is the major energy link between
energy-using and energy releasing reactions.
CLIP
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Trapping Energy
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glucose
Clip
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Photosynthesis is the process by which plants
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• Use
• sunlight, carbon dioxide water
• Produce
• high energy carbohydrates such as sugars
  (glucose) starches.

Clip
Plants store sunlight energy in Glucose!
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Where does photosynthesis take place?
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Leaf Structure
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• Photosynthesis Location
• The leaves of plants
• a.stomata
• b.cells

Goes in
CO2
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The Internal Structure of a Leaf
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Section 23-4
CO2 enters through the stomata
Epidermis
Chloroplasts
Stomata
Goes in
CO2
Guardcells
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• Lets go look at leaves

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• Chloroplasts are only found in photosynthetic,
  eukaryotic cells.

Chloroplast Structure
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Using the energy from the sunlight, chloroplasts
are able to form ATP as well as synthesizing
sugars from H20 CO2.
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Chloroplast
Chloroplast Structure
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• Organelle where photosynthesis takes place.

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Chloroplast Structure

• Chloroplast Picture

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Things to know about Chloroplasts

1. Have a double membrane the inner membrane the
   outer membrane
2. Have their own DNA this carries the information
   to make the enzymes

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Things to know about Chloroplasts

1. Have a double membrane the inner membrane the
   outer membrane
2. Have their own DNA this carries the information
   to make the enzymes
3. Have their own ribosomes more like the ribosomes
   of prokaryotes than eukaryotes make their own
   enzymes required for photosynthesis require
   carbon dioxide and water produce glucose
4. Contain chlorophyll this green chemical (pigment)
   "traps" sunlight energy

Pigments are molecules that absorb light energy
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• Plants absorb certain wavelengths of light.
• Blue and Red.
• Pigments are molecules that absorb light.
• Main pigment is Chlorophyll.
• When they absorb light, they are absorbing Energy.

b
a
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Photosynthesis Products Reactants
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SUN
SUN
Light Energy
Chloroplast
CO2 H2O
Glucose O2
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Formula For Photosynthesis

• 6 _____ 6 ______ __________
• ______ ______

Reactants
Products
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Photosynthesis Takes Place in 2 Steps.
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The light reaction is the photo part of
photosynthesis.

• Step 1 Light Dependent Reaction.
• Energy captured from Sunlight. 
• H2O is split into H, electrons,
  Oxygen (O2). 
• The O2 diffuses out
  of the Chloroplasts.
• MADE O2 , ATP
  NADPH.
• Takes place Thylakoid

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The Calvin cycle is the synthesis part of
photosynthesis.
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Step 2 Light Independent Reaction
(CALVIN CYCLE).

• The Chemical Energy Stored in ATP and NADPH is
  used to make Glucose using CO2.
• This is a light independent reaction.
• MADE Glucose
• Takes place Stroma

Sunlight
Water
ATP
NADPH
Oxygen
Step 1 Light Dependent Reaction
This process is known as carbon fixation.
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Photosynthesis An Overview
LIGHT REACTION
DARK REACTION-Light Independent
Section 8-3
Thylakoid Membrane
Stroma
SUNLIGHT
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
NADP
ADP P
Light- Dependent Reactions
Calvin Cycle
ATP
NADPH
Go to Section
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6CO2 6H2O energy from sunlight ? C6H12O6
6O2
Photosynthesis
Occurs in two Steps
Light dependent Reaction
Dark Reaction/ Calvin Cycle
Occurs (location)
Occurs (location)
Produces
Produces
Oxygen ATP NADPH
Thylakoid Membrane
Stroma
Glucose
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• PLANTS STORE ENERGY FROM THE SUN IN THE BONDS OF
  GLUCOSE !!!!

CLIP
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Where does each reactant enter the plant???
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• Once plants use light energy to form
  carbohydrates, other organisms, called
  Heterotrophs, can then use this carbohydrate
  energy for their own life processes.
• One way carbohydrate energy is used by organisms
  is through the process of cellular respiration.

Sun ? Plants ? You!!
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Major Concept
How its all connected.
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• Cellular Respiration

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• Cellular Respiration
• Process that occurs in cells in which cells break
  down Glucose for ENERGY!
• Occurs in cytoplasm and Mitochondria. 

Breaking down food for energy.
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Cellular Respiration Overview

• Plants are producers and make glucose by the
  process of photosynthesis.
• Heterotrophs breakdown glucose for energy.
• There are two important ways a cell can harvest
  energy from food fermentation and cellular
  respiration.

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Breaking down food for energy.
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Cellular Respiration Takes Place in 3 Steps.
Step 1 Glycolysis Step 2 Krebs CycleStep 3
Electron Transport
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Step 1 Glycolysis
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• Means Splitting Glucose
• Glycolysis starts with Glucose.

• Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules called
  Pyruvate (aka pyruvic acid ).
• Happens in the Cytoplasm.
• Clip

• Glycolysis does not need oxygen!

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Mitochondria Anatomy

• 2 membranes
• Own ribosomes
• Own DNA

Steps 2 3 Occur in the Mitochondria
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In the presence of OxygenStep 2 Krebs
CycleStep 3 Electron Transport
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• Happens in the Mitochondria
• Starts with Pyruvate.
• Pyruvate moves into the mitochondria and is
  broken down into CO2,H2O ATP.

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Cellular Respiration Review
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With oxygen
Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Glycolysis
Alcohol or lactic acid
Fermentation (without oxygen)
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Go to Section
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Breaking down glucose without oxygen
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Glucose
Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Glycolysis
Alcohol or lactic acid
With out oxygen
Fermentation (without oxygen)
EthanolandCarbon Dioxide
Go to Section
Pyruvic Acid
Lactic Acid
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Fermentation
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• Without oxygen Pyruvate is converted into Lactic
  Acid or Alcohol during Fermentation.
• Lactic Acid- Muscle cells
• Alcohol- Yeast

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• In the presence of oxygen
• 1 Glucose is converted into 36 ATP.
• Without oxygen
• 1 Glucose is converted into 2 ATP.

C6H12O6 6 O2 gt 6 CO2 6 H2O 36 ATP
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Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
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Photosynthesis Respiration
produces food stores energy Uses H2O uses CO2 releases O2 occurs in sunlight uses food releases energy Produces H2O produces CO2 uses O2 occurs in the dark as well as light
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Energy Converters video. Click picture.
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• Photosynthesis they might be giants