Final Exam Review

1
Final Exam Review

• Section IV on the Study Guide

2
Biography

• A writer tells the life story of another person.

3
Climax

• The "high point" of a story in which the major
  conflicts erupt in some kind of final showdown
  (fight, argument, violent or physical action,
  very tense emotional moment...) at the end of
  the climax, the "winner" will be clear (there is
  not always a winner!). This is the point in the
  story where there is no going back to the way
  things used to be. This is the point in the story
  where something CHANGES.

4
Conflict

• Conflict is the struggle between opposing forces.
• Internal conflict occurs when a character has a
  mental fight inside his or her head. Internal
  conflict includes
• Human vs. Himself or Herself
• External conflict occurs when there is a struggle
  or conflict between a character and an outside or
  external source. External conflict can include
• Human vs. Human
• Human vs. Society
• Human vs. Technology
• Human vs. Nature

5
Epic Poetry

• Begins in media res (in the middle of the story
  not at the beginning)
• Tells the deeds of gods and heroes
• Supernatural forces intervene in the lives of
  human beings
• Have many different settings and episodes
• Have an epic hero this time Odysseus, a mortal
  man who is King of Ithaca.
• Contains the values and characteristics that are
  valued most by the culture of the writer

6
Epic Simile

• An epic simile is an extended comparison between
  two unlike things using like or as. Epic similes,
  particularly Homeric similes, can explain the
  inexplicable by comparing them to the familiar,
  provide visual imagery to enrich the tale, and
  advance the plot of the adventure and connect it
  to previous adventure.
• A man surfcasting on a point of rock for bass or
  mackerel, whipping his long rod to drop the
  sinker and the bait far out, will hook a fish and
  rip it from the surface to dangle wriggling
  through the air so these (men) were born aloft
  in spasms toward the cliff.
• Description of Scylla wrenching Odysseuss men
  from the boats
• Backward and down he went, letting the wine cup
  fall from his shocked hand. Like pipes his
  nostrils jetted crimson runnels, a river of
  mortal red, and one last kick upset his table
  knocking the bread and meat to soak in dusty
  blood.
• Description of the death of Antinous, the suitor

7
Epithet

• an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a
  quality or characteristic of the person or thing
  mentioned.
• Now Zeus the lord of cloud roused in the north
  
• Zeus, the son of crooked-minded Cronus
• The servants armed themselves and all three took
  their place beside the master of battle.
• Lily-livered coward, Rosy-fingered dawn ,
  Swift-footed Achilles are also epithets
  commonly seen in the Odyssey.

8
Exposition

• Information about the plot, events and characters
  that comes at the beginning of a literary work.
  The author introduces you to the story.
• The first part of the narrative or story the
  first line of the plot diagram.

9
Metaphor

• A metaphor makes a comparison without a linking
  word instead of one thing being like another,
  one thing is another.
• An extended metaphor, also called a conceit, is a
  metaphor that is several lines long or extends
  through an entire stanza.
• He was a shaggy mountain of a man

10
Mood

• A feeling or emotion created by the choice of
  words, the characters and their actions, and the
  setting. Imagery is often used to create this in
  a literary work.
• By night our ship ran onward toward the Oceans
  bourne, the realm and region of the Men of
  Winter, hidden in mist and cloud. Never the
  flaming eye of Helios lights on those men at
  morning ruinous night being rove over those
  wretches
• The mood in the above passage is frightening,
  ominous, and foreboding.

11
Novel

• a fictitious prose (writing that mimics
  conversational English) narrative or story of
  book length, typically representing character and
  action with some degree of realism.
• Proper MLA format dictates that novels are
  italicized when typing and underlined when
  hand-writing a piece.
• Some examples of novels are Great Expectations,
  Mortal Instruments The City of Bones, Anthem, To
  Kill a Mockingbird, Harry Potter and the
  Sorcerers Stone, and Its Kind of a Funny Story

12
Personification

• When a non-human thing is assigned human
  attributes
• Death came for the Archbishop
• Bliss picked the child up and held her in its
  arms

13
Play

• A work of literature meant to be performed by
  actors with dialogue on a stage in front of an
  audience
• Also called a drama
• Example Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare

14
Point of View Be Ready to Classify as Singular
or Plural
first person point of view   The events are told by a character in the story using his or her own words. First-person stories have narrators who use I, me, and my throughout the story. This sentence is an example of first-person point of view I knew it was risky, but I was willing to take that chance.
second person point of view   The narrator addresses the reader directly using the word you. This perspective is not as common as either the first- or third-person points of view. This sentence is an example of second-person point of view You knew it was risky, but you were willing to take that chance.
third person point of view   A speaker outside the action narrates the events using he, she, and they. The narrator may tell the events from the perspective of one character, focusing on this characters thoughts and feelings, or the narrator may see and know everything, even the thoughts of all the characters. This sentence is an example of third-person point of view Carol knew it was risky, but she was willing to take the chance.
point of view in general   Point of View is the perspective or vantage point from which a story is told. The point of view refers to the narrator of a story, poem, or sometimes a drama, and determines how much he or she knows.
limited point of view   Limited point of view is when the reader knows the thoughts, feelings, and emotions of a single or a few characters in a literary work.
omniscient point of view   Omniscient literally means all-knowing. Omniscient point of view occurs when the reader knows all of the characters thoughts, feelings, and emotions.
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Protagonist

• The main character in a literary work that the
  reader is intended to feel sympathize for or
  relate to.

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Antagonist

• The villain or opposite force in the main
  conflict of a literary work.

17
Resolution

• The resolution is the final element of the plot
  diagram. The resolution gives the sense that the
  story is complete. It is the final action of the
  story. If the story is a comedy or a fairy tale,
  here is where the reader will find his or her
  happy ending.

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Rising Action

• This is the second element in the plot diagram.
  The tension may build through a series of
  complications (incidents that either help or
  hinder the protagonist in finding a solution).
  This is the rising action.

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Setting

• Setting is when and where a story takes place.
  You may be asked to determine why the setting is
  important or how the setting affects the
  interpretation. The setting can clarify conflict,
  be the catalyst for conflict, illuminate
  character, affect the mood (see literary term
  9), and act as a symbol.

20
Short Story

• an invented prose narrative or story written in
  conversational English shorter than a novel
  usually dealing with a few characters and aiming
  at unity of effect and often concentrating on the
  creation of mood rather than plot.
• In proper MLA format, the titles of short stories
  are put in quotation marks. IE The Most
  Dangerous Game or The Cask of Amontillado

21
Suspense

• When the writer creates a feeling or sensation of
  nervousness in the reader the reader is left
  wondering what will happen in a story.
• Example Edgar Allan Poes The Cask of
  Amontillado or Richard Connells The Most
  Dangerous Game

22
Prose

• the ordinary language people use in speaking or
  writing

23
Nonfiction

• prose writing that presents and explains ideas or
  tells about real people

24
Authors Tone

• Encompasses the authors attitude toward the
  subject and toward the audience implied in a
  literary work. This may be formal, informal,
  solemn, somber, playful, serious, ironic,
  condescending, or many other possible attitudes.
  Each piece of literature has at least one theme,
  or central question about a topic, and how the
  author approaches this theme within the literary
  work is known as this literary device.
• The authors attitude toward the subject about
  which he/she is writing.