The Reformation

1
The Reformation
2
Reformation Defined

• Emphasis on Humanism
• Recognition that the Catholic church needed
  change
• Period of change in religious thinking
• Protestant separation
• Creation of non-Catholic Christian churches

3
Catholic Church in 15th

• End of the middle ages
• Great Western Schism
• Plague
• Crusades

4
Martin Luther

• Personal commitment
• Professor of theology
• Conflict with personal sinfulness
• Indulgences (get into heaven card)
• Posted 95 theses (1517)

5
Martin Luther

• Debates with church
• Suppression by the Pope
• Refusal to submit
• Excommunication
• Edict of Worms-Luthers works outlawed and he is
  dubbed a heretic.
• Charles V (HRE)

6
Martin Luther

• Published tracts
• BibleGerman
• Lutheran Church established

7
Martin Luther

• Religious Implications
• Pope did not speak for God
• Church and priesthood not necessary for salvation
• Gods grace given to all who seek it
  (justification by faith)
• Political Consequences
• Peasant war-want to end feudalism. 100,000
  peasants die to the German princes.
• Northern Europe became Protestant

8
Calvin (Geneva)

• Convert to Luthers ideas
• Geneva looking for a Protestant leader
• Calvin established church/state government
• Moved away from Luther
• Teachings led to movements in other countries
• Predestination
• Protestant ethic

9
Counter Reformation

• Jesuits-Society of Jesus
• Inquisition
• Council of Trent 1545

10
England

• Henry VIII
• Dissent over divorce
• Wives of Henry
• Catherine of Aragon
• Anne Boleyn
• Jane Seymour
• Anne of Cleves
• Catherine Howard
• Catherine Parr
• Edward VI (Henrys sonweak dead by 18)
• Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary)
• Elizabeth I

11
Europe after the Reformation
12
Zwingli (Zurich)

• Changed the mass
• Died in battle
• Anabaptists

13
France

• Francis I
• Henry II
• Catherine dMedici
• 3 sons Francis II, Charles IX, Henry III
• St Bartholomew's Day Massacre (thousands of
  Huguenots die)
• End of Valois dynasty
• Henry of Navarre
• Bourbon dynasty
• Edict of Nantes (toleration)

14

• "And if a man shall take his brother's wife, it
  is an unclean thing he hath uncovered his
  brother's nakedness they shall be childless."
• Lev 2021

15
Reformation and Renaissance

• Humanism opened the arts and sciences in the
  Renaissance
• Protestantism was mixed on humanism
• Plus Importance of humankind in God's plan
• Minus Predestination depreciates human ability
• Minus Mankind is only a creature in God's
  presence
• Catholic remained focused on the church