Beginnings of the Reformation

1
Beginnings of the Reformation

• Chapter 14iv

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John Wycliffe(circa 1330-84)

• English philosopher, theologian, and religious
  reformer
• -a forerunner of the Protestant Reformation
• translated the Bible into English

3
Wycliffes beliefs

• believed in a direct relationship between
  humanity and God
• -no need of priestly mediation
• believed Christians could govern themselves
  without the aid of popes and prelates

4
Additional beliefs of John Wycliffe

• denounced as unscriptural many beliefs and
  practices of the church
• held that the clergy should strive to imitate
  evangelical poverty
• disavowed serfdom and warfare

5
Jan Hus(circa 1372-1415)

• Bohemian religious leader
• attempted to reform the Roman Catholic Church
• was accused of heresy by the Council of Constance

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In the truth of the Gospel which I have written,
taught, and prospered, I die willingly and
joyfully.

• - Jan Hus

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Hus was condemned by the council and burned at
the stake .
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When dealing with heretics, one is not obligated
to keep his word.

• - the Pope

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Savonarola, Girolamo (1452-98)

• Italian preacher and reformer
• zealously attempted to uproot corruption in the
  church
• was executed by hanging for heresy

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Johann Tetzel(1465?-1519)

• Dominican friar entrusted by the Holy See with
  the proclamation of indulgences
• -proceeds were used to rebuild Saint Peter's
  Basilica in Rome

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People could avoid punishment for their sins by
buying indulgences.
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As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the
soul from purgatory springs.
- Johann Tetzel
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Ulrich Zwingli(1484-1531 )

• Swiss theologian
• leader of the Reformation in Switzerland

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Zwinglis teachings

• taught that devout Christians did not need a pope
• believed the adoration of saints and relics and
  church abuses of the indulgence system as
  unscriptural

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Zwingli was wounded 10th October 1531 at Kappel
am Albis while acting as chaplain and
standard-bearer for the Protestant forces.
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Martin Luther(1483-1546)

• German theologian and religious reformer
• started the Protestant Reformation

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Luther denounced the practice of granting
indulgences.
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Luther nailed his 95 Theses condemning the
selling of indulgences to the door of the church
at Wittenberg in October 1517.
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Pope Leo X called Martin Luther a wild boar.
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Charles V

• Luther was condemned by the Holy Roman emperor
  after refusing to recant his testimony.

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I cannot go against my conscience. Here I
stand. I cannot do otherwise. God help me.

• - Martin Luther

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Frederick III, the elector of Saxony, spirited
Luther away and hid him at Wartburg Castle.
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Luthers Teachings
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Luther said that faith alone in Gods mercy was
ones only hope for salvation.
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Luther maintained that the Bible was the only
guide for Christians.
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Luther encouraged people to study Gods word
themselves.
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Other changes made by Luther included

• simplified religious services and rituals
• allowed priests to marry

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Impact of Luthers Reforms

• many towns seized Church property and set up
  independent churches
• some German princes seized Church lands and
  stopped the flow of Church taxes to Rome

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Peasants Revolt of 1524

• An armed rebellion by peasants of southern
  Germany -
• protested efforts by nobles to increase their
  feudal dues
• demanded the right to choose their own priests
• wanted wood cutting and hunting rights in the
  lords forests

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Marburg Colloquy
31
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V

• launched a military campaign in 1547 to force
  Lutheran princes back into the Roman Catholic
  Church
• -war resulted in a draw

32
Diet of Augsburg(1555)

• officially recognized the split within
  Christianity by allowing each German prince to
  choose whether their lands would be Roman
  Catholic or Lutheran

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William Tyndale(1492-1536)

• English religious reformer, and writer
• was strangled and burned at the stake for
  translating the Bible into English