Feb 28

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Feb 28
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EVOLUTION

• CHANGE OVER
• TIME

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What is a theory?
A) Just an educated guess
B) A tentative answer to a specific question

• C) An explanation supported by evidence that
  tries to make sense of many observations made
  in nature

D) Someones opinion
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BIOLOGICALEVOLUTION

• A PROCESS TYPICALLY SPREAD OVER MANY GENERATIONS
  THAT RESULTS IN HERITABLE CHANGES IN A POPULATION.

Heritable Able to be inherited
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What is the purpose of evolution theory?
A) To explain how life first began on Earth
B) To explain how the universe was created

• C) To explain the diversity of life found on
  earth and the similarities seen between
  organisms

D) To create confusion and controversy
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PURPOSE OF EVOLUTION THEORY

• It scientifically explains the diversity of life
  found on earth and the similarities seen between
  organisms

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• During the 1800s
• Darwin discovered that the diversity of living
  species was far greater than anyone had
  previously known!!
• These observations led him to develop the theory
  of evolution through natural selection!!

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THE HISTORY OF EVOLUTION THEORY
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Who first came up with the idea of evolution?
A) The Ancient Greeks
B) Medieval Scientists

• C) Charles Darwin

D) Satoshi Tajiri (creator of Pokemon)
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Who first came up with the idea of evolution?
The Ancient Greeks!!
But they werent alone. The concept that species
change over time also has roots in the ideas of

the Chinese
the Romans
Chuang Tzu
and in medieval Islamic science.
Titus Lucretius Carus (99-55 B.C.)
Augustine of Hippo (354-430 AD)
http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38
/Anaximander.jpg
Othman Amr al-Jahiz 815 AD
Anaximander (600 BC)
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Meanwhile.in the Western World

• Organisms appeared on earth at the same time.
• Organisms were fixed and did not change.
• The earth was less than 10,000 years old and
  changed very little over time
• These ideas were widely accepted by scientists
  and nonscientists for a very long time.
  Until..

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LINNAEUS

• He grouped organisms
• together according to
• similar features.

• This caused
• many scientists
• to wonder..

Why do these guys look alike?

• 1700S

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LINNAEUS

• Scientists noticed
• similarities between
• animals and began to
• look for relationships
• between them.
• These observations led to questions that could
  not be satisfactorily answered by the creation
  idea

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How are these 2 species the same? How are
they different?
As scientists began to notice these things,
they began to ask questions.
Eurasian Tree Sparrow

• Is there a relationship there?
• Do they share a common
• ancestor?

European House Sparrow
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EXAMPLE QUESTIONS

• WHY DO SOME SNAKES
• HAVE THE RUDIMENTS
• OF TINY LEGS?
• WHY DO MANATEES
• HAVE FINGERNAILS?
• WHY DOES A WHALE
• HAVE FINGERBONES?
• WHY DO CAVEFISH HAVE REMNANTS OF EYES?
• WHY ARE SOME GROUPS OF SIMILAR SPECIES FOUND ONLY
  IN CERTAIN PLACES ON EARTH?
• Ex. 23 species of Honeycreepers found only on
  the Hawaiian islands.

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LAMARCK

• LATE 1700S
• First To Publish
• A Theory Of Biological Evolution
• Said Evolution Was
• A Process Of Adaptation Through the
• Inheritance Of Acquired Traits
• (organisms acquired traits they needed to
  survive
• and then passed these
• traits on to their offspring)

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Lamarck Theory of acquired characteristics
Ex.He believed that if you cropped a dogs
tail that all of its offspring would be born
with cropped tails,why is this not true?

• Lamarck said organisms acquired traits by using
  their bodies in new ways
• These new characteristics were passed to
  offspring
• Lamarck was totally wrong!

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So Lamarck is out..
1859
And Darwin is in

• FOR PROPOSING A THEORY FOR EVOLUTION THAT IS
  WIDELY ACCEPTED BY THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY TODAY
  THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION

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DARWIN

• 1859
• PROPOSED A THEORY FOR EVOLUTION THAT IS WIDELY
  ACCEPTED BY THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY TODAY THE
  THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION

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ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE

• 1850S
• TRAVELING NATURALIST
• IN 1858,CAME TO THE SAME CONCLUSIONS AS DARWIN.
  
• HIS WORK PROMPTED A RELUCTANT DARWIN TO FINALLY
  PUBLISH HIS THEORY.

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Assignment

• Interpreting Graphics
• You are going to look at the pictures and read
  the information about Lamarck and Darwin. Then
  you are going to answer some questions that go
  with the figures.
• STUDY FOR VOCAB!!