Skeletal Tissue

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Skeletal Tissue

• Structure of Bones

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Parts of a Bone

• A typical long bone consists of
• Diaphysis
• Epiphyses
• Metaphyes
• Articular Cartilage
• Periosteum
• Medullary Cavity
• Endosteum

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Diaphysis

• The bones shaft or body
• The long, cylindrical, main portion of a bone

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Epiphyses

• The distal and proximal ends of a bone
• Each long bone has a distal epiphysis and a
  proximal epiphysis

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Metaphyses

• The regions in mature bone where the epiphysis
  and diaphysis meet.
• The regions in growing bone that contains the
  epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
• Epiphyseal Plate a layer of hyaline cartilage
  that allows the diaphysis to grow in length.
  When this growth stops, the epiphyseal plate is
  replaced by bone resulting in a bony structure
  known as the epiphyseal line.

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Articular Cartilage

• A thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the
  part of the epiphyses where the bone forms a
  joint with another bone.
• Reduces friction and absorbs shock
• Does not have a perichondrium, so repair of
  damage is limited

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Periosteum

• Tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue
  that surrounds the bone surface wherever it is
  not covered by articular cartilage.
• Contains bone forming cells that allow the bone
  to grow in diameter
• Protects the bone, assists in fracture repair,
  helps nourish bone tissue and serves as an
  attachment point for ligaments and tendons

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Medullary Cavity

• Marrow Cavity
• Space within the diaphysis that contains fatty
  yellow bone marrow in adults.
• Young bones contain mostly red bone marrow

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Endosteum

• Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.
  It contains a single layer of bone forming cells

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