MOTION AND ENERGY

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Energy The ability to do work or cause change
  comes about from a transfer of energy. Anytime
  you have movement energy is involved.
• Unit of Energy The Joule 1Newton x 1Meter
  This is also the unit for work.
• 3. Kinetic Energy (K.E.) The energy of motion

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Mass Velocity Kinetic energy depends on mass
  velocity.
• 5. Calculating Kinetic Energy
• Kinetic Energy J Masskg x (Velocity m/s)
  2
• 2

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Potential Energy (P.E.) A type of energy that
  is stored and held in readiness to do work or
  cause change.
• Elastic Potential Energy (E.P.E.) Potential
  energy that is associated with objects that can
  be stretched or compressed.
• Gravitational Potential Energy (G.P.E.)
  Potential energy that depends on height.
• Gravitational Potential Energy J Weight N x
  Height m

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Mechanical Energy The energy associated with
  the position of an object.
• Thermal Energy The total energy of the
  particles in an object or substance -gt Heat
  Energy.
• 11. Chemical Energy Potential energy that is
  stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical
  compounds together. Ex.s matches, food, and the
  cells of your body

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Electrical Energy Moving electrical charges
  called electrons produce electricity. The energy
  electrons carry is called electrical. Ex.s
  Batteries and Power Lines
• Electromagnetic Energy This energy travels in
  waves that have electrical and magnetic
  properties. Ex.s Sunlight, Visible Light, U-V
  Light, Microwaves, Radio, T.V., and Infrared
  Waves
• Nuclear Energy This energy is stored in the
  nucleus of an atom.
• Nuclear Fission Split the nuclei of atoms apart
  -gt nuclear power plants weapons
• Nuclear Fusion Fuse the nuclei of atoms
  together -gt the sun stars

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Energy Conversions A change from one form of
  energy to another. Most forms of energy can be
  converted into any other form.
• Ex. Water fall -gt Electricity
• Mechanical Energy -gt Electrical Energy

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Potential Energy (P.E.) Kinetic Energy (K.E.)
  Conversions
• Juggling G.P.E. -gt K.E.
• Water Fall G.P.E. -gt K.E.
• Pole Vault K.E. -gt E.P. -gt G.P.E. -gt K.E.
• Pendulum Continuous G.P.E. lt-gt K.E.

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MOTION AND ENERGY

1. Conservation of Energy This idea states that
   energy can not be created nor destroyed. The
   total energy before and after any process is the
   same. There is one exception to this rule
   Nuclear Fission
2. Energy and Matter Energy can be created by
   destroying matter. Nuclear fission produces huge
   amounts of energy by destroying tiny amounts of
   matter (atoms). However the total amount of
   matter and energy is conserved.

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Energy and Friction No machine is 100
  efficient. There is always some energy lost to
  friction in the form of heat (thermal ) energy.
  Ex.s A Pendulum, A car Engine, The Human Body
  -gt Each loses some mechanical energy to friction.

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Fuel A material that stores chemical potential
  energy.
• Fossil Fuels Formed millions of years ago by
  geological processes. Examples would be coal, oil
  and natural gas. Plants and animals died and
  became covered by sediments at the bottoms of
  lakes and marshes. Over time, pressure and high
  temperatures turned the animal plant remains
  into coal.
• 22. Fossil Fuels contain energy that came from
  the sun. The energy from the sun comes from
  nuclear fusion.
• Fusion Sun H nuclei H nuclei -gt He
  atom Energy
• Chemical potential energy trapped in the
  remains of plants and animals. Photosynthesis
  Plants
• Electromagnetic Energy (Light) CO2 -gt Chemical
  Energy (Glucose) O2

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Use of Fossil Fuels
• Burn Coal -gt Steam -gt Pressure -gt Turns Turbines
  of a Generator
• Chemical -gt Thermal -gt Mechanical -gt Electrical
• Power and Energy Power is the rate at which
  energy is transferred from 1 object to another or
  converted from 1 form to another.
• Power The rate at which work is done.

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• 26. Calculating Power Power Work J
• Time s
• OR
• Power Force N x Distance m
• Time s
• Unit of Power The Watt (J/s)
• 1 Watt W 1Joule / 1Second
• 1 Kilowatt 1000 Watts 1000J / s

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MOTION AND ENERGY

• Horsepower James Watt (1769) related his engine
  to the common source of power in his day the
  horse.
• Steam Engine vs. Horsepower
• 1 Horsepower The work done by 1 horse
  lifting a 33,000 pound weight a distance of 1
  foot in 1 minute.