Classification and Diversity

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Classification and Diversity

• Over 30 million kinds of organisms are on the
  earth, an organized system of keeping track and
  communicating is needed.

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KEY WORD!!!!!!!!!

• Taxonomy the science of classification

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Aristotle

• Used his system for 2000 years
• 1st to propose a system in 350 B.C.
• All living things in 2 groups
• Plants
• Animals

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Aristotle

• Subdivided animals on the basis of habitat and
  behavior
• Subdivided plants on the basis of size and
  structure (herbs, shrubs, trees)

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• Travel and the invention of the microscope helped
  locate new and different organisms.
• Aristotle's system was too simple!

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Linnaeus

• Father of Modern Classification
• Mid 1700s
• Expanded to more kingdoms
• Created the scientific naming system
• Binomial Nomenclature

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Linnaeus Video

• http//youtu.be/Gb_IO-SzLgk

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Key Word!!!

• Binomial Nomenclature 2 name naming system

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Shoulder buddy thinking time

• Why is it important that we have a system of
  classification?
• Why do all organisms have a scientific name?

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The Five Kingdoms

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Key Word!!!!!!

• Heterotroph must get food from an outside
  source (eating, absorbing)
• Autotroph can make its own food (photosynthesis)

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1. MONERA

• Prokaryote, mostly single celled
• Ancestor to Eukaryotes
• Often separated into 2 kingdoms nowadays

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MONERA - ARCHEBACTERIA

• Extreme environments
• The oldest

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MONERA - EUBACTERIA

• EVERYWHERE

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2. PROTISTA

• Eukaryotic
• Catch all kingdom

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PROTISTA - Algae
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Protista -Euglena
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PROTISTA - PROTOZOA

• A type of this causes Malaria

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3. FUNGI

• Heterotrophic absorb food through walls
• Eukaryotic
• Yeast is a type of fungi

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FUNGI - MUSHROOM
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FUNGI - MOLD

• penicillium

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4. PLANTAE

• Autotrophic through photosynthesis
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular

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PLANTAE - PLANTS
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5. ANIMALIA

• Heterotrophic
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic

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ANIMALIA
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Animalia
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MODERN TAXONOMY
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MAJOR WAYS NEW ORGANISMS ARE CLASSIFIED

• Structural
• Chromosomes and DNA base sequences
• Reproduction
• Biochemical similarities (Amino acids and
  proteins)
• Embryology

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Overview of Classification

• Kingdom King
• Phylum Phillip
• Class Came
• Order Over
• Family From
• Genus Germany
• Species Singing

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Humans

• Kingdom Animalia
• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
• No cell wall

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Humans

• Phyla chordata
• Dorsal nerve chord Spinal cord
• Gill slits and tail at some time
• Notochord Backbone

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Humans

• Class Mammalia
• Warm blooded
• Nurse young
• Hair
• Breath with lungs
• Well developed respiratory and circulatory systems

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Humans

• Order Primate
• Strong grasping hands with thumbs and nails
  instead of claws
• More developed brains

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Humans

• Family- Hominadae
• Well developed hands
• Walk erect

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Humans

• Genus Homo
• Large well developed brains
• Ability to make tools

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Humans

• Species sapien
• Upright walk
• Mostly hairless
• Culture, oral and written language
• Young are helpless at birth
• Must be nurtured for years

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Scientific Names

• We have Linnaeus to thank for binomial
  nomenclature

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Scientific Names

• ALWAYS written in Latin
• Made of the Genus and the species names
• Ex Homo sapien

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• Genus Larger category, common group that can
  sometimes produce sterile offspring
• Wolf and dog
• House cat and mountain lion
• cow and buffalo
• Donkey and horse
• Species A group of identical or very similar
  organisms that can produce fertile offspring
• German Shepard, poodle, Labrador
• Varieties of cats (Siamese, Persian)

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Horses Donkey Mule
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Horse Zebra Zorse
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Lion Tiger Liger
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Rules

• The genus comes before the species
• The genus is capital the species is lowercase
• There is a space between the two names
• Both parts are underlined separately (may be
  italics but only when typed)

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Examples

• Acer rubrum red maple
• Acer leuca white maple
• Panthera leo lion
• Panthera tigris Tiger
• Felis concolor Mountain Lion
• Canis lupus - timberwolf

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Why scientific names?

• Overlapping common names
• Example
• What is the difference between
• Puma, Cougar and Mountain Lion?

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Nothing!!!
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Why scientific names?

• Confusing (common names)
• Example
• What does a gopher look like?

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• In the Midwest

• In New Mexico

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Why Scientific Names?

• Incorrect Information from common names
• Example
• Seahorse not a horse
• Prairie dog not a dog
• Koala bear not in the bear family