Egyptian Civilization

1
Egyptian Civilization

• Section 2-4
• pp. 50-56

2
Preview Questions

• How did religious beliefs shape the lives of
  early Egyptians?
• How was Egyptian Society organized?
• What advances did Egyptians make in learning and
  the arts?

3
Egyptian Religion

• Egyptians were POLYTHEISTIC
• Legend of Osiris and Isis

Osiris
4
Egyptian Religion

• Ancient Egyptian gods included
• Amen-Re The King of the gods
• Maat goddess of truth, justice, and harmony
• Nuit goddess of the sky
• Seth god of wind and storms

Re
5
Egyptian Religion

• Ib (Heart)
• Sheut (Shadow)
• Ren (Name)
• Ba (Soul / Personality)
• Ka (Life Force)

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Belief in the Afterlife

• Believed to face a test in the afterlife
• Worthy souls entered Happy Field of Food
• Sinners faced the Eater of the Dead
• Book of the Dead
• Learn spells to be used in afterlife

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Mummification
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Mummification

• Purpose To give a soul use of its body in the
  afterlife (Ka)
• Used first for rulers and nobles

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The Mummification Process

• The Deluxe
• Preparation
• Brain extracted through nose
• Internal organs removed
• Body dried out with salts
• Treated with oil and resin
• Beautification
• Hairdressers called in
• Wrapped in linen

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The Mummification Process

• The Deluxe
• Final Send Off
• Covered with amulets
• 'You will live again for ever. Behold, you are
  young again for ever
• Goods needed for the afterlife were placed in
  tomb

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King Tuts Tomb - 1922
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King Tuts Tomb - 1922

• Tomb contained 413 Ushabti figures, intended to
  represent the king

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King Tuts Tomb - 1922

• Made of solid gold
• Portrait of the young king
• Two protective animals, the cobra and vulture,
  are shown on the forehead

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Egyptian Society

• Priests served pharaohs
• Most men were farmers or slaves
• Merchant class was important b/c of trade
• Women had many political and personal rights

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Egyptian Learning

• Written Records
• Hieroglyphics
• Ideograms
• Papyrus
• Rosetta Stone
• Helped scholars decipher hieroglyphics

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Egyptian Learning

• Medicine and Science
• Surgery
• Astronomers developed calendar
• Geometry

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Review Questions

• How did religious beliefs shape the lives of
  early Egyptians?
• How was Egyptian Society organized?
• What advances did Egyptians make in learning and
  the arts?

18
The Mummy Maker Game

• Mummy Maker