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DAEDALUS EC 5th framework aerosol users survey
Olivier Boucher Laboratoire d Optique
Atmosphérique USTL / CNRS, Villeneuve d Ascq,
France Gerrit de Leeuw TNO, The Hague,
Netherlands and the DAEDALUS team
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DAEDALUS an FP5 GMES project
Delivery of AErosol proDucts for Assimilation
and environmentaL USe

• specially written for the recent
• GMES call for proposal of the EESD
• 3 year project Jan 2003 - Dec 2005
• 7 partners F, B, NL, N, P JRC
• run in parallel with another aerosol
• EC project (CREATE)

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• Reasons for getting interested in atmospheric
  aerosols
• visibility gt tourism, aviation
• air quality issues gt human health, ecosystems
• deposition and acid rain issues gt ecosystems
• climate effect (clear-sky, cloudy-sky)
• - anthropogenic aerosols are responsible for a
  radiative forcing
• - anthropogenic aerosols may modify the
  hydrological cycle
• - natural aerosols may response to climate
  change
• satellite atmospheric corrections
• gt retrieval of the properties of ocean, land,
  and atmosphere
• role of aerosol deposition on ocean biology
• improvement in meteorological (re)analysis

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As aerosol concentrations increase and visibility
decreases, there is - a whitening of the
landscape, - loss of texture, - loss of contrast.
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Peat fires, Moscow, September 2002
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WP1 Users needs 2-page questionnaire on
tropospheric and stratospheric aerosol
products Questionnaire was sent out by e-mail
to over 200 people across Europe 33 answers
received so far (most are users, some
producers, some inconsistencies) Several talks
and posters presented at this workshop CERMES,
ADEME, EPA Ireland,
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Nature of organization
Industry Government Private SME International Organization Independent
1 26,5 3,5 0 1 1
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Role of organization
4 University 15 Research Centres
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Role of persons answering the questionnaire
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Areas of interest
Climate Air Quality Health Effects Ecosystem Emissions Monitoring Protocol Monitoring Legislation Atmospheric Correction Other
22 26 18 18 21 28 17 12 4
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Aerosol properties of interest
97 of users interested in aerosols (3 in gas
species) 91 of users interested in tropospheric
aerosols 38 of users interested in stratospheric
aerosols
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Geographical area of interest
Specific regions (25 answers) Finland, Europe Global, Urban
North Sea,the Netherlands, Flanders, Austria
Switzerland, Sahel,Asia, SE Mediterranean, Germany (North Rhine Westfalia)
Heavily polluted urban areas surroundings (Mexico, Los Angeles, Beijing, Athens)
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Present use of aerosol data
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Satellite Data
97 of users would consider satellite data if
available and in a suitable format
Spatial resolution
Time resolution (average)
Timeliness
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Model Aerosol Forecast
67 of users would consider model forecast if
available and in a suitable format
Spatial resolution
Time resolution (average)
Timeliness
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Conclusions

• 200 potential users contacted 33 answers
• Semi-quantitative analysis of answers BUT
• each user is unique
• we should not try to please an average user
• some users not covered (aviation, army, ...)
• Interest for both tropospheric and stratospheric
  aerosols
• Very positive feeling for satellite data
• Positive feeling for model forecast (near real
  time needed)

DAEDALUS / users dinner scheduled at 8.30pm
Mexican restaurant 7 Koningin Wilhelmina
Boulevard, Noordwijk Reservation for 10 /-2
people made
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• http//www-loa.univ-lille1.fr/Daedalus
• boucher_at_loa.univ-lille1.fr
• END
• Appendix on MODIS Rapid Response Team
• http//rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

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MODIS Rapid Response Project Data Flow
ChartJacques Descloitres Rapid Response Team
L1B Data
December 2001
T30min
Cumulative Fire Maps http//activefiremaps.fs.fed.
us
Backup Feed L1B Data
Updated 3 times daily
Active Fire Locations
Burn Severity Maps Application-specific products
T4hrs
Active Fire Locations Selected Imagery
Active Fire Locations GOFC Fire Partners
MODIS L0 Data
T2-3hrs
T4hrs
Active Fire and Corrected Reflectance http//rapid
fire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov
NASA Earth Observatory http//earthobservatory.na
sa.gov
Web Fire Mapper http//maps.geog.umd.edu
MODIS home page http//modis.gsfc.nasa.gov
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Biscuit and Tiller Fires in California and Oregon
(08/14/02) Courtesy of J. Descloitres
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MODIS Rapid Response known applications users
http//rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov

• USDA Forest Service (Remote Sensing Applications
  Center, Fire Sciences Lab) fire monitoring
  within the US, burn severity assessment, smoke
  monitoring and emissions
• National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC)
  GOFC/GOLD (Global Observation of Forest Cover and
  Land Dynamics) regional networks fire monitoring
  across the world
• Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation Teams
  (BEAR) mitigating impacts of fires on water
  quality and ecology
• USDA Foreign Agriculture Service worldwide crop
  monitoring and forecasting
• Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC) and UN
  International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
  (ISDR) worldwide fire monitoring and early
  warning of fire danger
• Conservation International early warning of
  fires in protected areas across the world
• Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) and Navys Naval
  Research Laboratory (NRL) worldwide and regional
  monitoring of dust storms, smoke, fires, volcanic
  ash, and snow conditions
• Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  Environmental Sciences Division oil well fires
  and smoke monitoring in Iraq
• Dartmouth Flood Observatory worldwide flood
  monitoring
• University of Cape Town near-real-time
  monitoring and early warning of hydrogen sulphide
  eruptions off Namibia
• Canadian Ice Service operational monitoring of
  ice conditions in Canadian coastal waters
• Earth Observatory PR imagery and provision of
  early imagery in response to Natural Hazards

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CREATE-DAEDALUS Methods
Intercomparison of satellite data
Harmonization of in-situ data and format
Analysis of network sustainability
Aerosol satellite retrievals
Quality assurance
User survey
Training
Prototype of aerosol data assimilation systems
Modelling
HARMONIZED IN-SITU AEROSOL DATABASE STRATEGY
STEPS TOWARDS AN AEROSOL MONITORING SYSTEM
CONSTRUCTION OF GMES
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Results information on aerosol
2. Model application
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Lessons learned / Recommendations

• CREATE
• Emission databases are not accurate enough to
  predict evolution of aerosol fields over Europe
• Validation of satellite derived aerosol products
  is needed from in-situ ground truth and vertical
  profile (sunphotometer / lidar) data
• Measurement programmes should have long term
  continuity and not subject to vagaries of short
  term funding
• Observational capacity needs to be increased
• DAEDALUS
• Difficulty in accessing and distributing
  processed data from ESA
• Availability of model results and forecasts
  should be improved.
• No infrastructure for a fully-European network of
  sunphotometers (e.g., integration of PHOTONS /
  GAW needed)
• Ingredients start to be available for an
  operational aerosol monitoring system although
  some work still needed for satellite aerosol
  retrieval and assimilation techniques.

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Ground-based networks
AERONET (PHOTONS) aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov www-loa.un
iv-lille1.fr/photons
EARLINET
World Data Centre for Aerosols (GAW / WMO)
www.ei.jrc.it/wdca/
EMEP / IMPROVE
lidarb.dkrz.de/earlinet/
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Atmospheric aerosols are particles of natural or
anthropogenic origin in suspension in the air.
Typical sizes of 10 nm to 100 ?m, with
different roles of the very fine mode (below 100
nm), accumulation mode (0.1 to 1 ?m), and the
coarse mode (1 to 10 ?m). Chemical composition
varies sulfate, nitrate, organics, black
carbon, sea salt, dust, (may also carry some
carcirogenic compounds) Particulate matter PM1,
PM2.5, or PM10. Typical lifetime of 5 to 10 days
in the lower troposphere.
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• United-States
• Clean Air act (1977)
• gt IMPROVE network (measurements)
• gt EPA (emissions)
• NADP network for acid rain monitoring
• Europe
• Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air
  Pollutants
• gt EMEP (emissions, measurements, modelling)
• organized in different task forces
• includes both gas and aerosol species
• Clean Air For Europe (CAFE)
• (aims at a long-term, strategic and integrated
  policy to
• protect against air pollution effects on human
  health and env.)
• post-Kyoto?
• -black carbon aerosol responsible for global
  warming
• -one of the (official) reason for the US to
  refuse Kyoto

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END