FINAL EXAM REVIEW

1

• FINAL EXAM REVIEW

2
1. For each instrument below, identify its name,
what it measures, and the metric unit it measures
in.
Metric ruler Measures length Mm, cm, m
Triple Beam Balance Measures Mass g, kg
Graduated cylinder Measures volume mL or L
3
2. What is the mass of the object on this TBB?
Mass 137.4 gm
4
a. Identify the method used. DISPLACEMENT b.
What is measured? VOLUME OF AN IRREGULAR
SOLID c. Identify the units. mL or cm3 d. What
is the volume of the rock? 10 mL
3.
5
a. Volume of water 4.2mL b. Volume of water
with dinosaur 5.6mL c. Volume of
dinosaur 1.4mL
4.
6
5. Calculate volume. Show all work.
V L x W x H 3cm x 2cm x 5cm 30.0cm3
7
6. Why are the icebergs floating? They are less
dense than the water. They have a density less
than 1g/mL.
8

• 7. The experiment on the right is performed to
  determine if radish seeds take in oxygen as they
  germinate. Methylene blue is a chemical that is
  blue when oxygen is present, but is colorless
  when oxygen is not present. Containers A and B
  each contained 200 mL of water and 10 drops of
  methylene blue. Ten radish seeds were added to
  container A. Container B had no radish seeds.
• a. State the problem.
• b. Identify the independent variable.
• c. Identify the dependent variable.
• d. Identify the control group.
• e. Identify a constant or control.
• f. What can be done to make the results more
  relaible?

9

• 7. a. State the problem.
• Do radish seeds absorb oxygen as they germinate?
• b. Identify the independent variable.
• of radish seeds
• c. Identify the dependent variable.
• The color of methylene blue
• d. Identify the control group.
• Tube with no radish seeds
• e. Identify a constant or control.
• Size of tube, amount of water, of drops of
  methylene blue, temperature, light
• f. What can be done to make the results more
  reliable?
• Repeat or increase sample size

10

• 8. You studied the effect of the amount of fish
  food on the mass of goldfish. One tank of
  goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a
  day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a
  day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times
  a day. The fish's mass was measured three times a
  week.
• State the problem.
• What is the effect of the amount of fish food on
  the mass of goldfish?
• b. Give a possible hypothesis.
• I think that feeding the goldfish three times a
  day will increase the mass of the goldfish the
  most.
• c. Identify the independent variable.
• The amount of food
• d. Identify the control group.
• The group of goldfish that were fed once a day.

11

• 8. You studied the effect of the amount of fish
  food on the mass of goldfish. One tank of
  goldfish is fed the normal amount of food once a
  day. A second tank of goldfish was fed twice a
  day. A third tank of goldfish was fed three times
  a day. The fish's mass was measured three times a
  week.
• e. Identify the dependent variable.
• The mass of the goldfish.
• f. Identify 2 controls (factors that must remain
  constant).
• Amount of fish in each group
• Temperature of the water
• Amount of light the fish are exposed to
• The original mass of the fish

12
0
1
2
3
4
cm
9. What is the length of the object in
centimeters?
2.8cm
13

• 10. A student examined a rock sample and
  described it as having particles of various
  colors that were 1 mm to 12 mm in size. The
  student was making
• an inference
• (2) a prediction
• (3) a hypothesis
• (4) an observation

4
11. All of the liquid from a test tube is poured
into a beaker, as shown in the diagram
below. Compared to the liquid that was in the
test tube, the liquid in the beaker has (1) a
different volume, but the same shape (2) a
different volume and a different shape (3) the
same volume, but a different shape (4) the same
volume and the same shape
3
14

• 12. The diagram below shows water in a graduated
• cylinder.
• A student states that the graduated cylinder
• contains 150 mL of water. This statement is
• (1) a prediction (3) a theory
• (2) an observation (4) a hypothesis

2
15

• 13. The diagram below shows 20 grams of two
  different materials, A and B, on a laboratory
  balance.
• Compared to material A, material B has a
  different
• (1) density (3) phase
• (2) mass (4) shape

1
16

• 14. Frank has a paper clip. It has a mass of 9.2
  g and a volume of 14.3cm3. What is its density?
  Show all work.
• 15. Frank also has an eraser. It has a mass of
  3.3 g, and a volume of 1.5cm3. What is its
  density? Show all work.

• D m 9.2 g 0.6 g/cm3
• v 14.3cm3

• D m 3.3 g 2.2 g/cm3
• v 1.5cm3

17

• 16.
• a. Which layer has the highest density?
• Green layer
• b. Which layer has the lowest density?
• Yellow layer
• c. Imagine that the liquids have the following
  densities
• 10g/cm3 3g/cm3 6g/cm3 5g/cm3
• Which number would go with which layer?
• Yellow 3g/cm3.
• Blue 5g/cm3.
• Red 6g/cm3
• Green 10g/cm3

18
17.
36 g
Heat up the water.
As temperature increases, the solubility of the
gas decreases.
Heat up the solvent, increase the surface area,
stir the solution.
19
18. Use the solubility curves below to answer the
following questions.
a. Identify the solutes represented on this graph.
HCl and NH4Cl
b. Identify the solvent represented on this graph.
water
c. How many grams of NH4Cl can dissolve in 100
grams of water at 25C?
d. How many grams of HCl can dissolve in 100
grams of water at 10C?
40 grams
76 grams
20
18. Use the solubility curves below to answer the
following questions.
e. At what temperature can 70 grams of NH4Cl
dissolve in 100 grams of water?
85C
f. Explain the relationship between temperature
and the solubility of HCl (gas).
As temperature increases, the solubility of HCl
decreases.
g. Explain the relationship between temperature
and the solubility of NH4Cl (solid).
As temperature increases, the solubility of
NH4Cl increases.
21
19.
2
22

• 20. A new idea that is tested in a
  scientific experiment is known as a(an)
• theory
• hypothesis
• inference
• observation

2

• 21. Why do scientists consider any hypothesis
  valuable?
• A hypothesis requires no further investigation.
• A hypothesis may lead to further investigation
  even if it is disproved by the experiment.
• A hypothesis requires no further investigation if
  it is proved by the experiment.
• A hypothesis can be used to explain a conclusion
  even if it is disproved by the experiment.

2
23
22.
Nucleus
Vacuole
E
Nucleolus
G
Mitochondria
H
ER
Ribosome
Cell membrane
24
23.
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplast
25

• 24. Identify the processes below.
• Cell Respiration
• C6H12O6 O2 ? CO2 H20 36ATP
• Photosynthesis
• CO2 H20 ? O2 H20 C6H12O6

26

• 25. Which sequence of terms is in the correct
  order from simplest to most complex?
• cells, tissues, organs, organ systems 
• tissues, organisms, cells, organ systems
• cells, tissues, organ systems, organs(4) organs,
  organisms, organ systems, cells

1

• 26. When muscles are exercised extensively in the
  absence of sufficient oxygen,
• lactic acid is produced                 
• a large amount of ATP is formed
• NADH molecules split             
• oxidative respiration occurs

1
27

• 27. Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the process
  of
• lactic acid fermentation                  
• alcoholic fermentation
• aerobic respiration                    
• glycolysis

2
28

• 28. What type of transport does this picture
  represent? Explain your answer.

Active transport
Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH
concentration.
29
29. The diagram above shows the same type of
molecule in area A and area B. With the  passage
of time, some molecules move from area A to area
B. This movement is the result of the process of 
__________.
passive transport
30

• 30. The basic life functions of an organism are
  carried on by
• cells
• (2) atoms
• (3) nutrients
• (4) hormones

1

• 31. Which substance do all living things require
  to survive?
• blood
• (2) carbon dioxide
• (3) water
• (4) organic soil

3
31

• 32. One important difference between living
  things and nonliving things is that only living
  things have
• compounds
• (2) molecules
• (3) elements
• (4) cells

4

• 33. In order to survive, all organisms must have
• chlorophyll
• (2) energy
• (3) carbon dioxide
• (4) blood

2
32

• 34. The sum of all chemical reactions that take
  place within an organism is known as
• evolution
• (2) circulation
• (3) metabolism
• (4) reproduction

3
33
35. Identify all systems below and their
functions.
Skeletal (locomotion)
Muscular (locomotion)
Circulatory (Transport)
Nervous (regulation send messages)
Respiratory (gas exchange)
Excretory (remove cellular wastes)
Digestive (break down food)
34
36. What system is represented in the diagram?
What is the function of this system?
Excretory system
Removes metabolic wastes from the body.
35

• 37. What system is represented in the diagram?
• Identify the function of this system.

Respiratory
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between
internal and external environments.
36
white blood cell
Produce antibodies and engulf pathogens
Y
Z
red blood cell
platelet
Carry oxygen
Blood clotting
38. Identify structures X, Y, and Z and their
functions.
37

• 39. Insulin and glucagon are hormones that affect
  blood sugar levels. The diagram below shows the
  feedback system used by the human body to
  increase and decrease blood sugar levels.
• This feedback system is one way that the human
  body
• circulates gases (3) destroys viruses
• (2) maintains equilibrium (4) transports
  nutrients

2
38

• 40. The diagram below shows part of the human
• Excretory system.
• The structures shown are primarily involved in
• (1) transporting blood (3) removing wastes
• (2) producing sex cells (4) breaking down food

3
39

• 41. Asexually produced offspring are genetically
• (1) identical to the parent
• (2) different from the parent
• (3) different from each other
• (4) formed by two parents

1
40

• 42. The series of diagrams below shows a
  single-celled organism and its offspring that
  resulted from cell division over a period of 20
  hours.
• If the organisms continue to reproduce asexually
  at this same rate, how many organisms will there
  be after 30 hours?
• (1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 7 (4) 16

2
41

• 43. The diagram below shows information about the
  reproduction and development of a rabbit.
• Which letter in the diagram
  represents fertilization?
• A
• B
• (3) C
• (4) D

3
42

• 44. The diagram shows four stages in the
  development of a human after fertilization.
• Between stages A and D, which process must occur?
• (1) mutation (3) cell division
• (2) sexual reproduction (4) extinction

3
43

• 45. Which sequence of development is correct?
• (1) fertilized egg ? tissues ? organ systems ?
  organs
• (2) fertilized egg ? organ systems ? organs ?
  tissues
• (3) fertilized egg ? organs ? tissues ? organ
  systems
• (4) fertilized egg ? tissues ? organs ? organ
  systems

4
44

• 46. Which statement describes a method of sexual
  reproduction that occurs in plants?
• (1) Stem cuttings are placed in water and grow
  roots.
• (2) Seeds are produced from the flower of the
  plant.
• (3) Underground stems from a plant grow into new
  plants.
• (4) A leaf falls to the soil, develops roots, and
  grows.

2
47. The diagram below shows a cross section of
a bean seed. The function of part X in the bean
seed is to (1) provide protection for the
embryo (2) provide nutrients for the embryo (3)
prevent mutations in the plant (4) fight off
infections in the plant.
2
45

• 48. Which process is represented by the diagram
• Below?
• (1) asexual reproduction
• (2) ecological succession
• (3) photosynthesis
• (4) metamorphosis

4
49. Which process involves choosing certain
organisms to reproduce with one another in order
to pass on specific, desirable traits to their
offspring? (1) selective breeding (2) asexual
reproduction (3) resource acquisition (4) natural
selection
1
46

• 50. A Punnett square is shown below. The dominant
• trait is represented by R. The recessive trait is
• represented by r.
• What percentage of the offspring will most
• likely show the dominant trait?
• (1) 25 (2) 75 (3) 50 (4) 100

2
47

• 51. Many cells have a nucleus that contains
  chromosomes. These chromosomes carry genes that
  are composed of
• (1) hormones
• (2) DNA molecules
• (3) minerals and water
• (4) undigested food molecules

2
52. The fur of the snowshoe rabbit changes to a
lighter color in the winter. This allows the
rabbit to blend in with its surroundings. This
change is an example of (1) extinction (2)
competition (3) biological adaptation (4)
ecological succession
3
48

• 53. The diagram shows how modern types of flowers
  developed from early types of flowers over the
  last
• 75 million years.
• Which process is represented in this diagram?
• (1) evolution (3) selective breeding
• (2) photosynthesis (4) ecological succession

1
49

• 54. Animals may fight, make threatening sounds,
  and act aggressively toward members of the same
  species. These behaviors usually occur as
• the result of
• (1) competition (3) decomposition
• (2) conservation (4) pollution

1

• 55. When the environment changes more quickly
  than a species can adapt, the species may become
• extinct
• (2) diverse
• (3) dominant
• (4) overpopulated

1
50

• 56. The diagram below shows a cross section of a
  portion of Earths crust that has not been
  overturned. Letters A, B, C, and D represent
  sedimentary rock layers that contain fossils.
• Which rock layer contains the oldest fossils?
• (1) A (3) C
• (2) B (4) D

4
51

• 57. Feathers, wings, and the hollow bones of
  birds are examples of
• (1) adaptations for flight
• (2) responses to stimuli
• (3) unnecessary body parts
• (4) reproductive structures

1
58. The diagram below shows a food
chain. Which organisms in this food chain
are herbivores? (1) green plants (3) birds (2)
caterpillars (4) snakes
2
52

• 59. The diagram below shows several different
  organisms found in an area.
• The worms in the diagram represent
• (1) a community (3) a habitat
• (2) an ecosystem (4) a population

4
53

• 60. Some microorganisms cause human disease.
  Other microorganisms are used in making cheese,
  yogurt, and bread. Based on this information, the
  relationship between humans and microorganisms
  can be
• (1) beneficial, only
• (2) harmful, only
• (3) beneficial or harmful

3
61. Different species of carnivorous animals that
share the same habitat in an ecosystem may (1)
become decomposers (2) compete for food (3)
produce their own food (4) mate with each other
2
54

• 62. What is the nutrient source for some fungi?
• sunlight
• (2) carbon dioxide
• (3) oxygen
• (4) dead organisms

4
63. Pesticides and fertilizers can help farmers
to produce more crops. However, overuse of these
chemicals can result in (1) ecological
succession (2) material recycling (3)
environmental pollution (4) selective breeding
3
55

• 64. The diagram below shows how a plant community
  changed over 300 years.
• Which process caused the gradual changes shown in
  this plant community?
• (1) urban growth (3) environmental pollution
• (2) global warming (4) ecological succession

4
56

• 65. Which of the following is not an element?
• 1. oxygen 2. carbon dioxide
• 3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen

2
66. In sweetened tea, the sugar is called the 1.
solute. 2. solvent. 3. colloid. 4. solution.
1
57

• 67. The substances in a mixture can be separated
  by physical means because
• no chemical change occurs when the substances are
  combined.
• the physical and chemical properties of the
  substances change.
• none of the properties of the substances change.
• the chemical, but not the physical, properties of
  the substances change.

1
58

• 68. Which activity is an example of a chemical
  change?
• (1) dissolving table salt in water
• (2) hammering aluminum into thin sheets
• (3) melting gold to make jewelry
• (4) burning wood to produce ashes

4
59

• 69. Identify the solid, liquid and gas! Describe
  the phase and the molecules in each phase.

• Solid
• Particles tightly packed
• Particles vibrate
• Definite shape and volume

• Gas
• Particles very loosely packed
• Very fast
• No definite shape or volume
• Take shape of closed container

• Liquid
• Particles slide past each other
• Definite volume
• No definite shape
• Take the shape of a container

60

• 70. Identify the phase change described.
• Indicate whether the molecules absorb or release
  energy.
• a. Solid to liquid
• Melting, absorb
• b. Gas to liquid
• Condensation, release
• c. Liquid to solid
• Freezing, release
• d. Solid to gas
• Sublimation, absorb
• e. Liquid to gas
• Evaporation, absorb

61

• 71. The elements oxygen, sulfur, selenium and
  tellurium are all found in the same group (16) on
  the table. What do we know about the elements in
  that family?

They have similar BUT NOT IDENTICAL properties.
62

• 72. In what family is neon found?
• What do we call those elements in that group?

Family 18
Noble gases
63
73.
Sperm cell
male
They come from 2 parents, so chromosomes mix,
this is sexual reproduction.
64

• 74. Give the phenotypes and genotypes for all
  possible offspring if a hybrid brown eyed male is
  crossed with a blue eyed woman.

Bb x bb
Phenotype
50 brown 50 blue
b b


Bb
Bb
B b
Genotype
50 hybrid 50 pure recessive
bb
bb
65

• 75. Study the pedigree chart below that shows the
  occurrence of color blindness in three
  generations of a family.

2
1
a. Is there anyone with colorblindness in the
first generation?
5
3
4
No
b. Describe the condition of the mother in the
first generation.
She is a carrier
7
6
c. How many children did the parents in
generation 1 have?
d. Did any of these children get married? If so,
which one?
2
Yes, 4
e. Identify which people were colorblind in these
3 generations.
3 4
66
76. The pedigree shows the inheritance of tongue
rolling.

• Is this trait dominant or recessive? Why?
• Dominant
• 10 out of 14 people can roll their tongue.

67
77. a. Identify the process is represented by the
diagram. photosynthesis b. Identify the raw
materials needed for this process to occur. water
and carbon dioxide c. Identify the substance that
is needed to produce energy. glucose
68

• 78. a. Identify the raw materials of
  photosynthesis.
• carbon dioxide
• water
• b. What is the energy source needed for
  photosynthesis to occur?
• sunlight
• c. Identify the products of photosynthesis.
• glucose
• oxygen
• water
• d. In which cell organelle does photosynthesis
  occur?
• chloroplasts

69

• 79. Acer saccharum is the scientific name for the
  sugar maple tree. Acer is the name of the tree's
• genus
• phylum
• species
• kingdom

1
70

• 80. a. Which level of this pyramid would contain
  producer organisms? 
• b. If birds eat insects that feed on corn, which
  pyramid level would birds occupy? 
• c. As one progresses from level D to level A in
  this pyramid, what happens to the amount of
  energy?

Level D
Level B
Decreases
71

• 81. Identify the following
• Producer
• grass
• b. Herbivores
• Rabbit, field mouse, cricket
• c. Secondary consumers
• Frog, hawk

• d. Tertiary consumers
• Hawk
• e. Carnivores
• Hawk, frog

72

• 82. In which organisms could evolution occur most
  rapidly?
• humans
• (2) birds
• (3) fish
• (4) bacteria

4
73

• 83. Which resource is considered nonrenewable?
• wind power
• (2) moving water
• (3) solar energy
• (4) fossil fuels

4
74

• 84. The picture below shows a bird landing at a
  bird feeder outside a window.
• The image of this bird in the window is the
  result of light being
• (1) absorbed (2) transmitted
• (3) reflected (4) refracted

3
75

• 85. The diagram below shows what occurs when a
  ray of light strikes and enters a pond.
• Which property of light is illustrated when the
  ray enters the pond?
• (1) refraction (2) absorption
• (3) reflection (4) emission

1
76

• 86. A student pushes against a tree with a force
  of 10N. The tree does not move. What is the
  amount of force exerted by the tree on the
  student?
• (1) 0 N (2) 10 N (3) 5 N (4) 20 N

2
77

• 87. The person using the track with the rollers
  uses less energy to load the box because the
  rollers reduce the
• mass of the box
• (2) distance traveled by the box
• (3) force of gravity
• (4) force of friction

4
78
88.
a
79

• 89. Which device produces mechanical energy
  (movement)?
• A battery
• A light bulb
• A moving bicycle
• A candle

3
80

• 90. Which form of energy are x rays and
  ultraviolet light?
• nuclear
• (2) electromagnetic
• (3) heat
• (4) chemical

2
81

• 91. Sound will not travel in a
• solid
• (2) gas
• (3) liquid
• (4) vacuum

4