El modo imperativo Los mandatos

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El modo imperativoLos mandatos

• The imperative mood
• Commands

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• Spanish has three moods, that is, three ways of
  talking the indicative, the imperative, and the
  subjunctive.
• The indicative mood is used to express the way
  things are you use the present, past, and future
  tenses with this mood.
• The subjunctive mood is used to express a
  possibility or opinion something that isnt
  necessarily true but could be.
• The imperative mood is used to express requests
  and commands.

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• You have learned the indicative mood and later on
  youll learn the subjunctive. Now well
  concentrate on the imperative mood.
• Whenever you want somebody to do something for
  you, you will have to use the imperative mood.
• We use two ways of speaking in Spanish
• the formal speech to show respect or to be
  polite.
• the informal speech when we are familiar with the
  people we are talking with or when they are the
  same age or younger than us.
• Because of the formal and informal speech in
  Spanish, whenever you have to give a command
  youll have to choose between the formal (polite)
  or informal (familiar) commands.

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• Formal commands are formed by
• 1) conjugating the verb with yo in the present
  tense.
• 2) then drop the o ending.
• 3) add the following endings
• for ar verbs add e for ud. and en for uds.
• for er and ir verbs add a for ud. and an for
  uds.
• Ex You (formal/singular) speak!
• 1) First, conjugate hablar with yo hablo
• 2) Second, drop the o. hablo habl
• 3) Third, for ar verbs add e hable
• Translation (Usted) hable!
  

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Ejercicios

• Translate the following formal commands
• 1. You walk._____________________________
• 2. You (pl) walk.__________________________
• 3. You eat.______________________________
• 4. You (pl) eat.___________________________
• 5. You mix.______________________________
• 6. You (pl) mix.___________________________
• 7. You taste._____________________________
• 8. You (pl) taste._________________________
• 9. You add._____________________________

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• The following verbs are irregular
• Verb Ud.(f/s) Uds.(f/p)
• dar (to give) dé den
• ir (to go) vaya vayan
• ser (to be) sea sean
• estar (to be) esté estén
• saber (to know) sepa sepan
• To make a formal command negative just add no in
  front of the command.
• Abra la puerta. ? No abra la puerta.
• Cierre la ventana. ? No cierre la ventana.

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Verbs ending in car, -gar, and zar

• Verbs ending in car, -gar, and zar have a
  spelling change in formal commands.
• Usted Ustedes
• Buscar ---- busque busquen
• Pagar ------- pague paguen
• Empezar --- empiece empiecen

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Ejercicios

1. Tocar _________________
2. Tocar (pl)_______________
3. Jugar__________________
4. Jugar (pl)_______________
5. Practicar________________
6. Practicar (pl)_____________
7. Almorzar________________
8. Almorzar (pl)_____________

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Go verbs

• To make commands with go verbs you follow the
  same rule
• 1. conjugate with yo.
• 2. drop the o
• 3. add a for er/ir (-go verbs are only er and
  ir)
• Tener
• tengo teng tenga

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• Write the commands for the following go verbs
• Go verbs Usted Ustedes
• Tener
• Venir
• Salir
• Decir(egti)
• Hacer
• Poner
• Traer (irr.)

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Commands with object pronouns

• In Spanish, the placement of pronouns depends on
  whether a command is affirmative or negative.
• In affirmative commands, you attach the object
  pronouns to the end of the verb.
• Compre la comida. object pronoun
• Cómprela
• Notice that there is an accent on the o. You
  will need to add an accent on commands with three
  or more syllables.

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Ejercicios

• Form a new word by attaching the object pronouns
  to the formal commands.
• 1. Preparare la cena.__________________
• 2. Hierva el aceite.____________________
• 3. Pruebe el postre.___________________
• 4. Corte las cebollas.__________________
• 5. Bata los huevos.____________________
• 6. Fria las patatas.____________________
• 7. Lea la receta.______________________

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• In negative commands, you place object pronouns
  before the verb and after no.
• No compre la comida. object pronoun
• No la compre.
• No vendan la ropa. No añada el ajo.
• No la vendan. No lo añada.

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Ejercicios

• Make commands with object pronouns.
• Hervir/zanahorias. Hiérvalas.
• No hervir/zanahorias. No las hierva.
• Freír/verduras._____________________
• No mezclar/huevos._________________
• Cortar/ajos.________________________
• No comer/comida.__________________
• Batir/ingredientes.__________________
• Pagar/desayuno.___________________

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Make plural commands with object pronouns.

• Hervir/frijoles. Hiérvanlos.
• No hervir/zanahorias. No las hiervan.
• Mezclar/ingredientes.________________
• No preparar/cena.__________________
• Batir/huevos..______________________
• No beber/bebidas.__________________
• Cortar/pollos.______________________
• Añadir/verduras.___________________

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• The informal / singular commands are formed by
  conjugating the verb with the pronoun usted in
  the present (indicative) tense.
• Ex You (inf.) speak Tú habla!
• Just conjugate speak / hablar with usted habla
• Ejercicios. Translate the following informal
  commands
• 1. You (inf) work._________________________
• 2. You (inf) wash._________________________
• 3. You (inf) write.__________________________
• 4. You (inf) study._________________________
• 5. You (inf) sweep.________________________

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• To make informal commands negative
• 1) First conjugate the verb into tú.
• 2) Invert the conjugation endings.
• For ar verbs add es, and for er and ir verbs
  add as.
• 3) Add no infront of the new command.
• Ex Dont read.
• Conjugate to read (leer) with tú? lees.
• Change lees to as ? leas.
• Add no infront of the command?No leas.
• Dont drink. Tomar?tomas?tomes?No tomes.

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Ejercicios. Translate the following informal /
singular commands.

• 1. You (inf/s) dance._______________________
• 2. You (inf/s) dont dance.___________________
• 3. You (inf/s) jump.________________________
• 4. You (inf/s) dont jump.____________________
• 5. You (inf/s) sing._________________________
• 6. You (inf/s) dont sing.____________________
• 7. You (inf/s) run._________________________
• 8. You (inf/s) dont run._____________________
• 9. You (inf/s) dont sleep (ogtue).______________

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Irregular informal commands.

• The following verbs are irregular in the
  informal/ singular command conjugations.
  
• Verbo Mandato afirmativo Mandato
  negativo
• Decir (to say) Di No digas
• Hacer (to do) Haz No hagas
• Ir (to go) Ve No vayas
• Poner (to put) Pon No pongas
• Salir (to leave) Sal No salgas
• Ser (to be) Sé No seas
• tener (to have) Ten No tengas
• Venir (to come) Ven No vengas

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A good way to remember

• Here is a sentence that will help you remember
  the eight irregular tú commands
• Vin Diesel has ten weapons, eh!
• ven di sal haz ten ve pon
  sé
• come
• say do
  go be
• leave have
  put
• venir decir salir hacer tener ir
  poner ser

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Another way to remember

• To the beat of Row, row, row your boat you can
  sing the following
• Haz, sal, ve y ven
• di, ten, sé y pon
• ocho mandatos afirmativos
• irregulares son

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• The nosotros commands are used when the speaker
  is included. These commands are translated as
  lets( verb).
• To form these commands youll have to conjugate
  the verb with nosotros and invert the ending. For
  ar verbs use the ending emos and for er and
  ir verbs use the ending
• amos.
• Ex Lets walk (caminar)
• Conjugate caminar with nosotros? caminamos.
• Change caminamos to emos ? caminemos.
• Lets write (escribir)
• escribimos? add amos ? escribamos.

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• To make negative commands with nosotros place no
  infront of the command.
• Ex Lets not clean here.
• Limpiar? limpiamos?limpiemos? No limpiemos
• No limpiemos aquí.
• Lets not play.
• Jugar?jugamos?juguemos? No juguemos.
• Lets not write.
• escribir?escribimos?escribamos?No escribamos

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• With the verb Ir (se) you will have to use
  vayamos for negative commands with nosotros.
• Lets go to the movie theater.
• Vamos al cine.
• Lets not go to the movie theater.
• No vayamos al cine.
• Lets not go to the house now.
• No vayamos a la casa ahora.

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Ejercicios. Traduce lo siguiente

• 1. Lets study tonight._____________esta noche.
• 2. Lets not study tonight.__________esta noche.
• 3. Lets buy candy._______________dulces.
• 4. Lets not buy candy.______________dulces.
• 5. Lets go to the party.____________________.
• 6. Lets not go to the party._________________.
• 7. Lets talk on the phone.__________por
  teléfono.
• 8. Lets not talk on the phone.___________por
  teléfono.
• 9. Lets go to the school.___________________.
• 10. Lets not go to the school.________________

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Object pronouns with commands

• You can attach object pronouns directly to the
  end of the verb only to affirmative commands.
• Ex You (formal) wash the car. Wash it. (DO)
• Lave el carro. Lávelo.
• You (formal) buy the fruits. Buy
  them.(DO)
• Compre las frutas. Cómprelas.
• You (formal) sell the flower. Sell it (DO)
• Venda la flor. Véndala.

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• If both the direct object pronoun (DO) and the
  indirect object pronoun (IOP) are attached, the
  IOP comes before the DO.
• Ex You (formal) buy it.(DO) ? Cómprelo.(DO)
• (DO) (IOP)
• You (f) buy it for me. ? Cómpremelo.
• (IOP) (DO)
• Place the IOP right
• infront of the DO
• In order to maintain the original pronunciation
  of the verb, a written accent is often needed.