By: Megan McGeady

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Theories of Learning

• By Megan McGeady
• Michelle Stevens

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Cognitivism
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Human Development Theory

• Established by Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
• Part of Piagets four stages of development
• -Sensorimotor
• -Pre-operational
• - Concrete operational
• - Formal Operational

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Information Process Theory

• Three major factors contribute to this theory
• The following can be referred to as Memory banks
• Sensory Register
• Working Memory
• Long-term Memory
• The following are additional components that can
  have a factor on this process
• Attention, rehearsal, organization, and
  elaboration.

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Behaviorism
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Classical Conditioning

• Established by Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
• Theory that you can get a reaction out of someone
  by conditioning them for a specific response.
• Tested theory on a 11 month old child named
  Albert, who became afraid of rats because he
  associated the rats with a loud noise that would
  occur when they were near him.

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Behaviorist Theory

• Contributors to this theory
• Watson
• Pavlov
• Skinner
• Thorndike
• Bandura
• Known as a passive form of learning.
• Described as using a lower form of thinking when
  learning.

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Social Learning Theory

• Established by Bandura
• Four conditions are apart of this theory
• -Attention- watch the behavior occur
• -Retention- Recall what was observed
• -Motor reproduction Replicate behavior
• -Motivation- Feel the need to demonstrate
• that behavior

Meant to represent the behavior that is imitated
with social learning
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Bobo Doll Experiment

• Conducted by Albert Bandura
• Used to show that that all human behavior was
  learned trough social imitation and copying,
  rather then inherited genetic factors.
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vhHHdovKHDNU
• Results
• Children who were exposed to the aggressive model
  were more likely to show imitative aggressive
  behavior themselves.
• Boys were nearly three times more likely to
  replicate physically violent behavior than girls.
• It is not certain that children learn socially,
  but it is likely that children observing an adult
  model utilizing violence are more likely to
  believe that this type of behavior is normal.

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Constructivism

• -Learning is an active, constructive process
• -Learner constructs information
• -New information linked to prior knowledge
• -Learner is not a blank slate
• -Originators and important contributors include
  Vygotsky, Piaget, Dewey, Vico, Rorty, and Bruner.

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Stage theory of Cognitive Development

• Jean Piaget
• Four distinct stages in children
• -Sensorimotor
• -Pre operational
• -Concrete
• -Formal
• Children go through four stages in order to reach
  final form of cognition

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Discovery Learning

• Inquiry-based
• Discover facts and relationships on own
• More likely to remember concepts and knowledge
  discovered on their own
• Many advantages and disadvantages linked to
  theory
• Jerome Bruner

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Social development theory

• Lev Vygotsky
• Connections between people and sociocultural
  context they act and interact in shared
  experiences.
• Students play an active role in learning
• Three Major Themes
• Social interaction fundamental role in progress
  of cognitive development
• More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)
• Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

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Connectivism
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Connectivism

• Incorporates Behaviorism, Connectivism, and
  Constructivism into its own theory.
• Theory established by two theorists Downes and
  Seigmens
• First theory to incorporate technology into it
  theory

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Principles of connectivism

• Principles of connectivism
• Learning and knowledge rests in diversity of
  opinions.
• Learning is a process of connecting specialized
  nodes or information sources.
• Learning may reside in non-human appliances.
• Capacity to know more is more critical than what
  is currently known
• Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed
  to facilitate continual learning.
• Ability to see connections between fields, ideas,
  and concepts is a core skill.
• Currency (accurate, up-to-date knowledge) is the
  intent of all connectivist learning activities.
• Decision-making is itself a learning process.
  Choosing what to learn and the meaning of
  incoming information is seen through the lens of
  a shifting reality. While there is a right answer
  now, it may be wrong tomorrow due to alterations
  in the information climate affecting the
  decision.

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Connectivism Vs. Cognitivism

• Integration of cognition and emotions in
  meaning-making is important.
• Thinking and emotions influence each other
• Nurturing and maintaining connections is needed
  to facilitate learning
• Learning is a knowledge creation process, not
  only knowledge consumption

• Focuses on inner mental activities
• Mental processes, like thinking, memory, knowing,
  and problem-solving need to be explored
• people are rational beings that require active
  participation in order to learn.
• Peoples actions are a consequence of thinking