Design Engineering: Cell Encapsulation

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Design Engineering Cell Encapsulation

• Presented by
• Audrey Gonzalez and Carlos Montalvo (CCISD)
• Faculty mentor
• Dr. Zhengdong Cheng of the Artie McFerrin
  Chemical Engineering Department

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Cell encapsulation

• Core element of research being bridged into
  classroom project

• Encapsulating cells of interest with therapeutic
  agent in a semi-permeable membrane
• Implant cell capsules into human
• Cells release therapeutic substance such as
  insulin for diabetics

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Dr. Chengs lab focused on chemistry of
encapsulation

• Encapsulation is made from Alginic acid which is
  insoluble in water/organic solvents and is
  biocompatible

The Alginic acid encapsulation is then covered by
the polymer PNIPAM that exhibits controlled
variations of permeability
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Making encapsulations in the lab

• 1. Make a solution of calcium cholride and water
  and setup camera

• 2. Make a solution of alginic acid, water, and
  turgitol and place in syringe pump

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• 3. Set up syringe pump and voltage source

• 4. Test electrospray and begin making
  encapsulations

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TEXAS ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
Chemistry Concepts properties of water,
solubility, chemical/physical properties and
changes, density and buoyancy, atoms (TEKS 1A,
2A, 2B, 2C, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 5A, 6A, (IPC 7A),
12A, 12C) Physics concepts interpreting graphs,
measurements (time, density, mass, volume,
buoyant forces, grams released per unit time),
semi-permeable membrane, design engineering (TEKS
1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2E, 3B, 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D) AP
Biology concepts Biomedicine (time release),
cell encapsulation, cell processes
(osmosis/diffusion, semi-permeability),
biochemistry (hydrophobic/philic bilayer,
chem/phys properties of membrane, chem/phys
changes to encapsulation, properties of water),
immune system role

• CONCEPTS AND TEKS COVERED IN PROJECT

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Classroom project

• Timeline
• Cumulative project (7 weeks)
• Actual design, build, analysis phase (2 weeks)
• Objective
• Lab groups will be defending a cell encapsulation
  design to a local pharmaceutical representative
  using knowledge based on research of given
  materials and data measurements.

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Classroom project

• Proposal A local pharmaceutical company is
  looking for a new way to encapsulate a drug. The
  actual encapsulation must be-
• 1. protective of the medicine inside
• 2. time released
• 3. selectively-permeable

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Who cares?
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What is the relevance?

• We need drugs on the market that are safe and
  work properly.

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What is the relevance?

• Diabetics

• About 176,500 people aged 20 years or younger
  have diabetes.
• As of 2005, 20.8 million people have diabetes
• The estimated economic cost of diabetes in 2002
  was 132 billion. Of this amount, 92 billion was
  due to direct medical costs.
• www.cdc.gov/diabetes

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What is the relevance?

• The pharmaceutical
• industry is a billion dollar industry that has
  become a necessity in our allopathic culture
  today.

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 Design Phase

• Students will be given 5 different semi-permeable
  materials to test
• Size restriction
• A design proposal will be submitted for approval

• Research
• physical and chemical properties of membrane -Do
  they affect semi-permeability or density?
  (Chemistry)
• Bioencapsulations/Immunosuppression of (AP
  Biology)
• Advantages and disadvantages of time released (AP
  bio/chemistry/physics)

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Measurement phase

• Before building
• Time that it takes for small measured amount of
  Tums to diffuse through each membrane
• Using ratios decide time for an entire packet of
  Tums quikpak to dissolve
• Based on research decide if long or short
  diffusion is better
• Rank membranes and choose material(s)

Coffee filter
burlap
fiberglass
nylon
Pantyhose
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Measurement phase

• Testing of encapsulation
• Mass before/after
• Volume
• Density sink, float, or suspended in water
• Find buoyant forces (physics)
• Measure mass released per unit time (extrapolate
  at 2t, 4t, 6t)
• Selectively permeable?

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Analysis phase after testing and data reviewed,
defenses will begin

• Groups must clearly and concisely defend their
  encapsulation product, design and material, to a
  local pharmaceutical rep

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The project

• This encapsulation is made out of a double layer
  of nylon material that is surrounding an
  embroidery hoop.
• The therapeutic agent that is encapsulated is
  a Tums quikpak.

Time for Tums to diffuse out of encapsulation
2.14 min
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• This encapsulation is made of a double layer of
  filter paper surrounding an embroidery hoop and
  is encapsulating a Tums quikpak.

Time for Tums to diffuse out 3.53 min
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Rubric for grading
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Pre and post-test
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Acknowledgements

• Dr. Zhengdong Cheng
• Grad student Andres Mejia
• Undergrad Lucas Kinard

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• Dr. Cheryl Page
• Dr. Karen Butler-Purry
• Dr. Robin Autenrieth
• Jacque Hodge
• Joy Monroe
• Dr. Andy Conkey
• Dr. Arun Srinivasa
• Dr. Jennifer Welch
• All E3 participants
• Dr. Chance Lewis

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Joys of teaching
Ma and Pa video http//www.youtube.com/watch?vBfq
5kju627c