Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Update

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Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Update

• Zygmunt Haas Marc Pearlman
• Wireless Networks Laboratory
• Cornell University

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Outline

• ZRP overview
• Bordercast Upgrade Unicast to Multicast
• bordercast tree
• extended routing zone
• revised query control
• Revised ZRP Architecture
• Simulation Models / Open IERP

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Basic Query Propagation viaFlood Searching
Unicasts messages 36 Single Channel
Broadcasts 9
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Directing Queries Outward Routing Zones and
Bordercasting
LL uni LL nb
Each node proactively tracks routing zone set
of nodes with min distance no greater than r
hops Forwards queries to peripheral nodes
routing zone members at min dist of r hops
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Comments and Concerns About Bordercasting

• Relaying queries to peripheral nodes may be
  more efficient but
• Overlapping routing zones lead to
  redundancy
• Resolved by query control mechanisms that
  identify and discard redundant queries

• Bordercasting is more efficient than flooding
  searching, but why? (not all links traversed,
  but some links traversed multiple times)
• What about single channel neighbor broadcast?

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Multicasting A More Intuitive Way to Bordercast
LL uni LL nb

• No link is traversed more than once, many never
  traversed.
• Neighbor broadcast can be used to relay
  messages simultaneously to multiple
  downstream

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Multicast Bordercast Options

• Append bordercast tree to message.
• link state of surrounding r hops (routing zone)
• reduced query packets but increase packet length
• Each node constructs all the bordercast trees for
  which it is a forwarding member.
• link state of surrounding (r-1) (r) 2r-1
  hops(Extended routing zone)

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Forwarding Packets to the Frontier
uncovered
frontier covered
non-frontier covered
Only frontier covered nodes need to receive
message
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Query Control Detection / Termination

• Detection For every received message, record
• Query ID
• Address of bordercasting node

• Termination Do not forward along downstream
  branch if each downstream peripheral node either
• Lies inside the routing zone of bordercasted
  node (not frontier covered)
• Has been relayed to by this node (just plain
  redundant)

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Old ZRP Architecture
Globally reactiveIntErzone Routing
Protocol(IERP) (any reactive routing protocol)
Locally proactive IntrAzone Routing Protocol
(IARP) (any localized proactive routing)
bordercasting, query control(and hop-by-hop
route computation) (BRP)
IP
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Route Discovery Protocol Stack In Action
IERP
IERP
BRP
BRP
BRP
BRP
IP
IP
IP
IP
A
B
C
D

• IERP only processes query packet every rth hop
• BRP must provide hop by hop route discovery
  processing
• Tight integration of routing protocol with BRP

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Revised Route Discovery Protocol Stack Operation
IERP
IERP
IERP
IERP
BRP
BRP
BRP
BRP
IP
IP
IP
IP
A
B
C
D
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Pulling Apart the IERP and BRP
IERP
3
BRP cache
index
index
2
packet
packet
BRP
1
4
End up with application independent bordercasting
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New ZRP Architecture
Globally reactiveIntErzone Routing
Protocol(IERP) (any reactive protocol)
Locally proactive IntrAzone Routing Protocol
(IARP) (any localized link state protocol)
route query
route reply,route error,etc.
Application Ind. Bordercasting (BRP)
IP
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New OPNET and ns-2 Models Available Soon

• IARP and BRP as described in draft
• Different versions of IERP will be offered
  (depending on availability of existing models)
• AODV
• DSR
• TORA
• Two flavors routing zone aware and unaware