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Eurotra

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{cat=det, gen=m, case=nom, num=s} {cat=n, gen=m, case=nom, num=s} {cat=np, gen=masc, case=nom, num=s} 6 ??????? 2002. ????? ?????? ????? - 236801. 18 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Eurotra


1
?????? Eurotra
??????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????
????? ????? ?????? ???? (236801) ???? ???"?
  • ???? ????? ????????
  • genadyb_at_cs.technion.ac.il
  • 6/11/2002

?? ?? ??? 14 ???? "An Introduction to Machine
Translation", 1992 (?????? W.J. Hutchins, H.
Somers) ?????? "Academic Press"
2
???? ?????
  • ????? ????????
  • ??????? ???????
  • ???? ???????
  • ????? ??????
  • ?????? ?????? ??????
  • ?????

3
??? ????
  • ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????
    ?????
  • ????? Systran ???? ???? ?? ??????
  • ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????
  • ????? ???? ????, ???????, ??????, ?????? ??????
    ????????.
  • ????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????????
  • ???"? 72 ????? ?? ????

4
???? ??????? (??????)
  • 1978 ????? ?????
  • 1982 ????? ????? ????? ?????
  • ????? ?????? ???????? (?? 1984)
  • ???? ????? ?????? ??-????? ?? ?-2500 ?????
    ????????? (?? 1988)
  • ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??-20000 ?????
    ?????????
  • ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????

5
???? ??????? (?????)
  • 1986 ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????.
  • ???? ???? ????? ?????.
  • 1987 ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
  • ?????? ??????
  • ????? ?????
  • ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
  • ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????

6
???? ??????? ????? (????)
  • ?????? ??????
  • ????? ????? ??????? ??????
  • ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????
  • 1988 ????? ????? ???? ??????
  • ????? ??? ????? ?-1989
  • 18 ?????? ????
  • 150 ??????

7
??? ????
  • ??????? ?????? ????? ?-1992
  • ??? ????? ????? ?????
  • ??? ???? ??????? ??????
  • ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
    ?????? ?????.

8
??????? ???????
  • ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
  • ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???
  • ????? ?-10 ???
  • ????? ?????? ??-???????
  • ?????? ????? ???????? ???-???????
  • ????? ???? ??????? ???-???????
  • ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????
  • ??? ?? ???????

9
??????? ??????? (????)
  • ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-transfer
  • ???? ?-interlingua ?? ????? ???????? ??

????? transfer
????? ????? ???? ????
????? ????? ???? ???
generation ?????
????? analysis
???? ???? ????
???? ???? ???
10
????? ???? ?????? ??????
  • ?????? ?? ???????? ??????
  • ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????
  • ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
    ???????

11
???? ??????
  • Text structure ???? ????? ????? ???????
  • Normalized Text ???? ????? ASCII
  • Morphological Structure ????? ?????? ????????
    ?????? ????? ????????
  • Constituent Structure ????? ????? ????????
  • Relational Structure - ????? ?????? ?????????
    (????, ???? ???') ??? ????? ????????? ????????
  • Interface Structure ????? ?????
  • IS ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?-transfer.

12
????? ?????
  • ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????
  • ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?-Relational structure
  • ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
  • ???????????, ???????, ????? ???? ??????
  • ??? ?-IS ??? ???? ?????

13
???? ???????
  • ????? ????? - E-framework
  • ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????
  • ??? ???? ??????? (features structure) ?
  • ??? ????? ?
  • ?? ?? ?? ???? ???????

14
???? ??????? ???? ?????
  • ???? ?????? ????? ??????
  • ?????
  • ???? ?????
  • ??????
  • ???? ?????

15
???? ??????
  • ???? ??????? (feature bundles)
  • ????? ??????? (feature theory)
  • ?????
  • ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
  • ???????? ?? ???? ???????
  • ????? ?????? ?? ?????
  • ????? ???? ??????
  • ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????

16
???? ?????? (????)
  • ????? ????? ??/?? ???? ??? ????
  • catnp, genm, casenom, nums
  • catdet, genm, casenom, nums
  • catn, genm, casenom, nums
  • ??????? ??? ???? (1) ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????
    ????? ?? (2) ?-(3)
  • ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?-daughters

17
???? ?????? (????)
  • ????? (???????)

catnp, genmasc, casenom, nums
catdet, genm, casenom, nums
catn, genm, casenom, nums
Der Hund The Dog
18
???? ??? ???? ?????
  • ????????? ??????? (consolidated) ??? ???????
  • ????? (generator) ???? ????????? ?? ???????
    ????????
  • ????? (translator) ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????
    ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????

19
?????
  • ???? ????? ????
  • ??? ????? b-rules ?-l-rules
  • ???? ??????
  • ??? ????? f-rules ?-i-rules
  • ???? ?????
  • ??? ????? s-rules ?-k-rules

20
???? ????? ????
  • ????? ???? b(building)
  • ??????? ?? ????? ???????
  • ????? ???? ????? ???????? (??????)
  • catnp, genG, numN, defD ?
  • catdetp, genG, numN, defD?,
  • catap, genG, numN, adj_typeante,
  • catn, genG, numN,
  • catap, genG, numN, adj_typepost

21
???? ????? ???? (????)
  • ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????
  • ????? bottom-up
  • ????? ?????? ?????
  • ????? ???? ??? (????? ?? ???? ?? ??????)
  • ????? ????? ?????
  • ???? l (leaf) ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????
    ?????? ????
  • ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????????

22
???? ??????
  • ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????
    ?????????
  • ????? ???? f (feature)
  • ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????
  • ????? (??? s_tense)
  • cats, s_tenseT, s_aspectA ?
  • catv, s_tenseT, s_aspectA,

23
???? ?????? (????)
  • ????? ???? i (insertion)
  • ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???
  • ????? ?????? ???? (np) ??? ????? (determiner)
    ???? ?????? ?????? (????????)
  • catnp, genG, numN, defD ?
  • catquantp, pospre_det?,
  • !catdetp, genG, numN, defD ,
  • catap?, catn,

24
???? ?????
  • ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????
    ?????????
  • ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????
  • ???? "????? ?????"
  • "???? ????" ????? ??????

25
???? ????? (????)
  • ????? ???? s (strict)
  • ?????? ????? ?"??????" ????????
  • ????? ???? k (kill)
  • ?????? ????????? ???? ??????
  • ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????

26
??? ??????
  • ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ?
  • ???? ?? ???? ????????
  • ???? ????? ???? s ?? "??????? ?????" ???? ??
    ????? ??????

27
??????
  • ??? ??????
  • ??? ??????? ?????
  • ??? ????? ?????? ?????? (one-shot)
  • ????? ?????? (compositionality)
  • ???? t (translation)
  • ????? ???? ????????
  • ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???
    ?-feature theory
  • ???? f ????? b

28
???? ????? ???? f
  • ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????
  • ?????
  • ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????
  • syn_aspectsimple sem_aspectperfective

29
???? ????? ???? b
  • ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????
  • ?????
  • (?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????)
  • catpp, sfcompl catp, lexof,
    OBJcatnp
  • OBJcatnp, sfcompl

30
??? ????? ????? ?? ????
  • ???? ????? ?????? ?
  • ??? ????? ??????? ?
  • ???? ???????? ??????? ?????

31
????? ??????? ????????
  • ???? ?????? ?? Eurotra
  • ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
    ????????
  • ??? ??????? (???? ?????? ???????)
  • ?????? ?????? ?? Eurotra
  • ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????
  • ??????, ????, ???????, ???????, ????????? ???????

32
???? ????? (????)
  • Eurotra ????? ????? ?????? ???????
  • ???????? ???? ????? ???????
  • ???
  • had, would have, has been, etc
  • ??????? (????????)
  • can, must, might, may, etc
  • ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?-IS
  • ????? ?-interlingua

33
???? ?????
  • ????? ????
  • ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????
    ???????
  • depend on, sit on
  • ??????? (determiners) ??????
  • ?? ????? ????? ?????
  • ?? ????? "????? ?? Eurotra"

34
????? (??????-??????)
  • Die Industrie kennt dieses Problem
  • Industry has known about this problem
  • seit einiger Zeit
  • for some time

35
????? ??????????
  • Hutchins Somers, p.251

36
????? ????????
Hutchins Somers, p.252
37
????? ??????
38
???? ?-IS
39
??? ?-transfer
  • ??????? ???? ?-IS ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????
    (??? ???? ?????? ??????)
  • ???-??? ???? ??????? !
  • ?? ??? ??????? ?
  • ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????
  • ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
  • ?????? ???? ?-IS ???? !
  • ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????

40
?-IS ???????
41
??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?
  • ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????
  • ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????
  • ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
  • ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????

42
?????? ?????? ??????
  • ????? ????? ????? Unix
  • ??? ????? Prolog
  • ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ????
  • ????? ???? ??????

43
?????
  • ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????
  • ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????
  • ??? ????????
  • ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????
  • ??? ?? ????? ????????
  • ???? ???? ???????? ??????

44
????? (????)
  • ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????
  • ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
  • ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
    ???? ????
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