Title: Eurotra
1?????? Eurotra
??????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ?????
????? ????? ?????? ???? (236801) ???? ???"?
- ???? ????? ????????
- genadyb_at_cs.technion.ac.il
- 6/11/2002
?? ?? ??? 14 ???? "An Introduction to Machine
Translation", 1992 (?????? W.J. Hutchins, H.
Somers) ?????? "Academic Press"
2???? ?????
- ????? ????????
- ??????? ???????
- ???? ???????
- ????? ??????
- ?????? ?????? ??????
- ?????
3??? ????
- ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????
????? - ????? Systran ???? ???? ?? ??????
- ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????
- ????? ???? ????, ???????, ??????, ?????? ??????
????????. - ????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????????
- ???"? 72 ????? ?? ????
4???? ??????? (??????)
- 1978 ????? ?????
- 1982 ????? ????? ????? ?????
- ????? ?????? ???????? (?? 1984)
- ???? ????? ?????? ??-????? ?? ?-2500 ?????
????????? (?? 1988) - ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??-20000 ?????
????????? - ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????
5???? ??????? (?????)
- 1986 ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????.
- ???? ???? ????? ?????.
- 1987 ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????
- ?????? ??????
- ????? ?????
- ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
- ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????
6???? ??????? ????? (????)
- ?????? ??????
- ????? ????? ??????? ??????
- ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????
- 1988 ????? ????? ???? ??????
- ????? ??? ????? ?-1989
- 18 ?????? ????
- 150 ??????
7??? ????
- ??????? ?????? ????? ?-1992
- ??? ????? ????? ?????
- ??? ???? ??????? ??????
- ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????
?????? ?????.
8??????? ???????
- ????? ?????? ?????? ?????
- ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???
- ????? ?-10 ???
- ????? ?????? ??-???????
- ?????? ????? ???????? ???-???????
- ????? ???? ??????? ???-???????
- ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??????
- ??? ?? ???????
9??????? ??????? (????)
- ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-transfer
- ???? ?-interlingua ?? ????? ???????? ??
????? transfer
????? ????? ???? ????
????? ????? ???? ???
generation ?????
????? analysis
???? ???? ????
???? ???? ???
10????? ???? ?????? ??????
- ?????? ?? ???????? ??????
- ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????
- ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
???????
11???? ??????
- Text structure ???? ????? ????? ???????
- Normalized Text ???? ????? ASCII
- Morphological Structure ????? ?????? ????????
?????? ????? ???????? - Constituent Structure ????? ????? ????????
- Relational Structure - ????? ?????? ?????????
(????, ???? ???') ??? ????? ????????? ???????? - Interface Structure ????? ?????
- IS ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?-transfer.
12????? ?????
- ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????
- ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?-Relational structure
- ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????
- ???????????, ???????, ????? ???? ??????
- ??? ?-IS ??? ???? ?????
13???? ???????
- ????? ????? - E-framework
- ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????
- ??? ???? ??????? (features structure) ?
- ??? ????? ?
- ?? ?? ?? ???? ???????
14???? ??????? ???? ?????
- ???? ?????? ????? ??????
- ?????
- ???? ?????
- ??????
- ???? ?????
15???? ??????
- ???? ??????? (feature bundles)
- ????? ??????? (feature theory)
- ?????
- ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
- ???????? ?? ???? ???????
- ????? ?????? ?? ?????
- ????? ???? ??????
- ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????
16???? ?????? (????)
- ????? ????? ??/?? ???? ??? ????
- catnp, genm, casenom, nums
- catdet, genm, casenom, nums
- catn, genm, casenom, nums
- ??????? ??? ???? (1) ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????
????? ?? (2) ?-(3) - ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?-daughters
17???? ?????? (????)
catnp, genmasc, casenom, nums
catdet, genm, casenom, nums
catn, genm, casenom, nums
Der Hund The Dog
18???? ??? ???? ?????
- ????????? ??????? (consolidated) ??? ???????
- ????? (generator) ???? ????????? ?? ???????
???????? - ????? (translator) ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????
??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????
19?????
- ???? ????? ????
- ??? ????? b-rules ?-l-rules
- ???? ??????
- ??? ????? f-rules ?-i-rules
- ???? ?????
- ??? ????? s-rules ?-k-rules
20???? ????? ????
- ????? ???? b(building)
- ??????? ?? ????? ???????
- ????? ???? ????? ???????? (??????)
- catnp, genG, numN, defD ?
- catdetp, genG, numN, defD?,
- catap, genG, numN, adj_typeante,
- catn, genG, numN,
- catap, genG, numN, adj_typepost
21???? ????? ???? (????)
- ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????
- ????? bottom-up
- ????? ?????? ?????
- ????? ???? ??? (????? ?? ???? ?? ??????)
- ????? ????? ?????
- ???? l (leaf) ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????
?????? ???? - ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????????
22???? ??????
- ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????
????????? - ????? ???? f (feature)
- ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????
- ????? (??? s_tense)
- cats, s_tenseT, s_aspectA ?
- catv, s_tenseT, s_aspectA,
23???? ?????? (????)
- ????? ???? i (insertion)
- ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???
- ????? ?????? ???? (np) ??? ????? (determiner)
???? ?????? ?????? (????????) - catnp, genG, numN, defD ?
- catquantp, pospre_det?,
- !catdetp, genG, numN, defD ,
- catap?, catn,
24???? ?????
- ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ??????
????????? - ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????
- ???? "????? ?????"
- "???? ????" ????? ??????
25???? ????? (????)
- ????? ???? s (strict)
- ?????? ????? ?"??????" ????????
- ????? ???? k (kill)
- ?????? ????????? ???? ??????
- ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????
26??? ??????
- ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ????? ?
- ???? ?? ???? ????????
- ???? ????? ???? s ?? "??????? ?????" ???? ??
????? ??????
27??????
- ??? ??????
- ??? ??????? ?????
- ??? ????? ?????? ?????? (one-shot)
- ????? ?????? (compositionality)
- ???? t (translation)
- ????? ???? ????????
- ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???
?-feature theory - ???? f ????? b
28???? ????? ???? f
- ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????
- ?????
- ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????
- syn_aspectsimple sem_aspectperfective
29???? ????? ???? b
- ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????
- ?????
- (?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ??????)
- catpp, sfcompl catp, lexof,
OBJcatnp - OBJcatnp, sfcompl
30??? ????? ????? ?? ????
- ???? ????? ?????? ?
- ??? ????? ??????? ?
- ???? ???????? ??????? ?????
31????? ??????? ????????
- ???? ?????? ?? Eurotra
- ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
???????? - ??? ??????? (???? ?????? ???????)
- ?????? ?????? ?? Eurotra
- ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????
- ??????, ????, ???????, ???????, ????????? ???????
32???? ????? (????)
- Eurotra ????? ????? ?????? ???????
- ???????? ???? ????? ???????
- ???
- had, would have, has been, etc
- ??????? (????????)
- can, must, might, may, etc
- ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?-IS
- ????? ?-interlingua
33???? ?????
- ????? ????
- ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????
??????? - depend on, sit on
- ??????? (determiners) ??????
- ?? ????? ????? ?????
- ?? ????? "????? ?? Eurotra"
34????? (??????-??????)
- Die Industrie kennt dieses Problem
- Industry has known about this problem
- seit einiger Zeit
- for some time
35????? ??????????
36????? ????????
Hutchins Somers, p.252
37????? ??????
38???? ?-IS
39??? ?-transfer
- ??????? ???? ?-IS ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????
(??? ???? ?????? ??????) - ???-??? ???? ??????? !
- ?? ??? ??????? ?
- ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????????
- ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????
- ?????? ???? ?-IS ???? !
- ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????
40?-IS ???????
41??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?
- ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????
- ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????
- ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????
- ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????????
42?????? ?????? ??????
- ????? ????? ????? Unix
- ??? ????? Prolog
- ?????????? ????? ? ?????? ????
- ????? ???? ??????
43?????
- ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????
- ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????
- ??? ????????
- ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ???????
- ??? ?? ????? ????????
- ???? ???? ???????? ??????
44????? (????)
- ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???????
- ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????
- ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????
???? ????