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Berlin - Thursday, 17.07.2003
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Salinization
Where the salt comes from
In general, different salts are inherent parts of
all parent rocks. Soils are weathering products
of rocks of different origin and salt contents.
Therefore, in all soils we can find neutral salts
(Na, K, Ca2, Mg2, SO42-, CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-).
Silty and loamy soils contain more soluble
minerals than sandy soils.
The soils in drylands have developed in an
environment of limited rainfall and significant
periods of drying. This excess of
evapotranspiration to rainfall draws water from
depth and causes many soluble minerals to
accumulate in the upper soil horizons.
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Todays Topic of Conversation and Discussion
Reactivation of Traditional Ground
Water Enrichment and/or Formation
through Rain-Water Harvesting/Catchment Systems"
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Preconditions for artificial ground water
enrichment and small-scale watershed management
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Desirable preconditions for ground water
enrichment and small-scale watershed management
- climate variability, e.g. yearly amount and
variation of precipitation (arid,
semi-arid, humid climate)
- weather-related dynamics of small-scale
watersheds of river basins
- pedology (distribution and types of soils,
storage capacity)
- flow data for ephemeral channels (wadis)
- water needed for different purposes
- aerial photographs and satellite data
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Desirable preconditions for ground water
enrichment and small-scale watershed management
Watershed management approaches may be over
reliant on an idealized community. The reality
is one of groups - landless and landlords, high
and low caste, men and women.
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
The principle of water harvesting and ground
water enrichment
storage
storage
soil storage
adapted from FAO (strongly modified)
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Possible techniques for ground water enrichment
Roof water harvesting
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Possible techniques for ground water enrichment
Roof water harvesting
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Possible techniques for ground water enrichment
Rain water harvesting from roads and pavements
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH
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Ecosystem Analysis and Integrated Ground Water
Management
Dr. H. Kehl
Possible techniques for ground water enrichment
Water harvesting from macrocatchments
source FAO
Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung GmbH