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Innovative reuse orientedwater conceptshigh,
medium and low tech optionsUniv. Prof. Dr.-Ing.
Ralf OtterpohlDirectorInstitute of Municipal
and Industrial Wastewater Management
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Inefficient Water Usage, Loss of Soil Fertility,
Pollution of Rivers, Lakes and the Seas
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Volumel/(Pyear)
Yearly Loadskg/(Pyear)
N 4-5
P 0,75
K 1,8
COD 30
Treatment
Biogas-PlantComposting
Treatment
Reuse / Water Cycle
Fertiliser
Soil-Conditioner
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RO plant by Osmonics in theBahamas 2500 m³
water/d
RO Module with activated carbon filter by
ROWAfor 90-200 l water/d for aquariums (200 )
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Product-oriented decentral water- and wastewater
- systems for flats / houses
The closest water resource Used waterFertiliser
mining from Blackwater
Tap - Water
Flush-toilet
Greywater Blackwater
Membrane-Biologywith Revers-Osmoses
concentrating
Ground-/Rainwater
Dry Fertiliser
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Vacuum-Toilet 0.7 litres/flush
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Community Building with central technical
DevicesLübeck-Flintenbreite
Cellar Vacuumstation, Biowaste Grinder,
Hygienisation, Biogas PlantAbove ground
Seminar/Party room, Office, 4 Flats and HPG
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Roediger Sorting-Toilet

• Non-diluting Urine collection

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Pilot Project Lambertsmühle

• Wupperverband and
• Verein Lambertsmühle
• Otterwasser GmbH, Lübeck
• TUHH Inst. of Wastewater Management

• Elements of the Sanitation Concept
• Urine-sorting Toilets and waterless Urinals
• Storage Tank for Yellow Water
• Pre-Composting Tank (2 chambers, Filter Bags)
• Constructed Wetland for filtered Grey- and
  Brownwater

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DANGER!do not mix
Volumel/(Pyear)
Yearly Loadskg/(Pyear)
N 4-5
P 0,75
K 1,8
COD 30
MOSTPATHOGENS!
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Hygiene easy and cheapSeparation of faeces

• One GRAM of faeces can contain
• 10,000,000 Viruses
• 1,000,000 Bacteria
• 1,000 Parasite cysts
• 100 Parasite eggs. (source UNESCO, 2001)

5 MILLION people die of polluted water every year
(WHO)
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Solar heat per capita Solar-Radiaion (average of
global-radiation)Source World Energy Council,
am 27.11.01
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Solar Desiccation-Toilet Low-Tech, very cheap,
little maintainance required (from Esrey et al.,
Ecological Sanitation, SIDA 1998)
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Solar desiccation of feaces, Mali, West Africa
(GTZ / Otterwasser)
black lids forsolar heating
Chamber 2
built ABOVE soil !
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Fertiliser usage in China

• Blackwater of 900 Mio. rural Chinese people
• 450 Mio tons of organic
  Fertiliser
• Potential savings on commercial Fertilisers
  2,6 Billion US per year!
• In addition soil improvement, protection of
  inland waters and the seas....
• UNESCO, 2001

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Thank You!
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