Diapositiva 1

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European governance and green social movements
Transport and GMOs ORGANISED CIVIL SOCIETY AND
GOVERNANCE IN EUROPE Workshop of CIVGOV project
EU 5th framework programme Brussels, 18 November
2005 Borschette Centre Iñaki Barcena
Political Science Department.University of the
Basque Country
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Environmental policy in Europe.

• Salience policy. Integrated economy and
  cross-border environmental threats.
• EU institutions-Industrial lobbies-SMOs.
• TransportCrucial economic implications
• GMOs Attitudinal factor.
• Social contention and pressures regarding
  environmental policies.
• EU- 80 of environmental legislation.
• Environment An interest without a group
• Green 9 20 millions of people.

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• Objectives
• Pan-european comparison.
• The role of the civil society in articulating
  preferences of citizenship into policies.
• From local to European policy making Identify
  clue social actors.
• Processes of Representation and
  Institutionalisation (openess, participation,
  accountability, effectiveness and coherence).
• Mobilisation of the public opinion

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• Methodology
• Public opinion surveys. Public and issues.
• Media coverage. Quantitative data.
• National interviews . Activists-Experts-Institutio
  ns.
• European interviews at Brussells.
• Discourse Analisys- Atlas-ti.
• Political Opportunity Structure in each level.

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• TRANSPORT A complex sector.
• Intersectorial complexityMobility, every day
  life, infrastructures, health
• Crucial impacts in the environment Energy,
  Climate, Land use, Accidents, Pollution
• 30/40 years of mass motorisation/Same amount of
  trips (work, shopping, school)
• Sustainable mobility. Accesibility and Mobility
• Topics Airports (G/UK/F/B) or High Speed Trains
  and bicycles, pedestrians, mobility plans.

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• TRANSPORT Local and national campaigns
• Strategies-Legal and alegal.
• NIMBY and no ecologist movement also.
• View of E.U. Stravismatic. OPEN (White Book) but
  FAR (Influenced by industrial lobbies)
• Campaigns2 styles Direct Action and critical
  standpoints or pro-active and educational.
  Generalists and localist. Mobilisation
  competition of issues.Noise or taxes.

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• TRANSPORT campaigns at Brussels
• Advantages Global, goals, openness.
• Disadvantages Bureaucracy, no regional
  peculiarities.
• Institutional contactsDG Env- More than others
• Lack of transparency.
• Refusal of NGOs knowledge.
• Difficulties to translate matters to EU level.
• Green 9 Solid and democratic representation.

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• TRANSPORT campaigns at Brussels (2)
• Action Pressure without mobilisations, pure
  lobbying. Internet and Brussels offices.
• TE Umbrella 40 organisations/20 countries
• Public opinion Contradictory and divided.
  Conditional support. Values and Cheap Mobility.
• Evaluation of future. Pesimistic, Calm the
  Traffic Vs. Economic growth.
• Göteborg/Lisbon Agenda.
• Europanisation Impact in a long term.
• Few influence of Governance legislation.

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• GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
• Local and national campaigns.
• Topic New and complex.
• Campaigns Information,patents, imports,
  cultivations, Free zones. .New alliances.
  Farmers-Consumers- Women- Solidarity
  organisations.
• P.O.S. New cooperative organisms (MACs) Local
  less important. Regional (Italy). Central
  (Germany-UK)
• Bipolarity Pro/Con USA/EU Economy/ecology.

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• GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
• Campaiging at Brussels
• Networks Horizontal and Vertical . EEB and
  Genet/ FoE and Greenpeace. DangerLack of
  independence
• Scientific debate. Co-option of scientific
  opinion. Similarities with the nuclear energy
  debate.
• INTERNET A fundamental tool.
• View of E.U. Hope (moratorium) and mistrust.
  Better place to press. Open but few
  responsivennes.
• EU a place for elites.

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• GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS
• Campaiging at Brussels (2)
• Public opinion Big public support (70) Media
  use and prominence. Petitions and consultations.
• Europanisation Paradigmatic issue, by-passing
  national governments. Not desirable but a
  reality.
• Future. Global dimension EU Vs. WTO and USA
  Free zones- Regional autorities EMOs.
• Local and global cooperation.

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CONCLUSIONS

• Germanisation of the EU policy.
• More public concern, more MACs, more impacts.
  Broad alliances to gain some changes.
• Unbalanced lobbying.
• Global and localGMOs() and Transport(-).
• Economy vs. Ecology. Precaution Principle or
  Technological view.