451418607 Land Administration

1
451-418/607 Land Administration
Forum Discussion of land related issues

• Facilitator Jude Wallace
• March 16th 2006

2
Romania

• Core land related problems
• Capacity
• Moving to market economy, EU entry?
• Pollution- soil erosion, Danube?
• Land use planning? Rural and social development
• Poor transportation
• Small farms- farm restructure
• Restitution?
• Modernisation of villages
• Forestry management
• Governing..

• Land administration issues
• Integration issues 41 counties- each with
  different systems
• Long processing times
• Capacity
• Survey standards- fencing
• Paper system
• ESRI, Romania and IBM digitising existing system
• 2M applications
• Systematic titling

3
Georgia

• Core land related problems
• Communism ? Capitalism, newly privatised land
• Governance- break away republics, Russia having a
  crack
• 13 arable land, high pollution
• Land reform by NGOs
• Corruption
• Land use conversion

• Land administration issues
• Single administrative body
• Value by area rather than market forces
• Etc

4
Malaysia

• Core land related problems
• Deforestation
• Marine division between 2 main parts of country
• Only 5 arable land?

• Land administration issues
• Management of QTs? No surveys to date. Update
  titles with surveys?
• Intergovernmental integration national vs.
  local levels
• Creation of a DCDB, complete coverage

5
The Philippines

• Core land related problems
• Vulnerable to natural disasters (tsunami,
  volcanoes)
• 7000 islands spread across large area
• Mountains across large parts of country
• 70 of pop in urban area
• Deforestation
• Corruption
• Land disputes
• Lack of secure tenure
• Absentee landlords
• Land readjustment and reform

• Land administration issues
• Manual systems, paper based
• Corruption within registry
• Poor administration relates to civil peace
• Office relocations
• Multiple agencies handing out titles

6
Thailand

• Core land related problems
• Border Issues
• Deforestation by farmers
• Land classification issues forest vs.
  non-forest
• High population growth
• Only 29 arable land
• Corruption?
• Control of foreign investment

• Land administration issues
• Coverage of the registry

7
Vietnam

• Core land related problems
• Natural hazards- flooding, typhoons
• Issues with agricultural practices
  contamination, deforestation (causing hazards?)
• Informal land market in urban areas (1999 only
  11 of titles allocated)
• Plot sizes too small??
• Uncertainty between buildings and real estate-
  different registry
• Land disputes

• Land administration issues
• Land use rights allocation system
• Good coverage of titles across country- but, poor
  in urban areas
• Over administered
• Cognitive capacity
• Emergency management capacity
• Buildings not on title
• Land valuation issues
• Centralist economy
• Looking to take part in international environment

8
Timor Leste

• Core land related problems
• Mountainous terrain, 33 forested and lack of
  arable land
• Only ½ population have access to clean water
• Infrastructure poorly developed
• Mass unemployment and poverty
• Colonial heritage
• Land disputes
• Poor land market

• Land administration issues
• Colonial land administration that is incompatible
  with new regime conflicts with titles
• LA infrastructures yet to be created no land
  law
• Human capacity missing
• No surveys?
• Recognition of indigenous titles

9
Fiji

• Core land related problems
• Management of communal tenures -83 of land is
  native and is often leased to internationals
  racial access?
• Expiration of native leases (30 years) causing
  social problems
• Marine environment
• Capacity of the community
• Global warming
• Mono-cropping
• Resource depletion
• Tourism management?

• Land administration issues
• Two systems of administration - western and
  traditional how can this be managed better?
• LAS reflects racism how can we deal with this?
• Attempting to merge LAS systems

10
Tonga

• Core land related problems
• Climate change/ global warming sea levels
  rising (47 of population impacted, 10 of land
  impacted)
• Reliant on other countries for resources
• Deforestation
• Natural Disasters
• Tourism Management?
• Indigenous titles?
• All land is still crown land no markets?
• Land in short supply
• Gender equity problems
• Marine environment

• Land administration issues
• Existing land management paradigm is not
  sustainable
• Building technical capacity
• System of registration?
• Active land market?

11
Iran

• Core land related problems
• Boundary disputes high
• Land acquisition by government- compensation
  issues
• Stable?
• South/North separation- arable in north
• High cost of property
• Religeous land?

• Land administration issues
• Anachronistic legal system
• Deeds ? Title
• Automation of systems
• Separation between mapping and registration-
  systems and administrative organisations
• Networking data between provs

12
Germany

• Core land related problems
• High urban density (87)
• East/West reunion- ATKIS
• ?

• Land administration issues
• Different systems for different provs- federated
  state
• National system?
• EU subsidies?
• EUROGI and INSPIRE
• Production and maintaining large scale topo maps-
  cost?

13
The Netherlands

• Core land related problems
• Considering giving up reclaimed land- could
  create social/housing problems
• Over 40 of the country is below sea level
• Densely populated country
• Slow release of land

• Land administration issues
• 100 surveyed and registered
• No distinction between public and private land
• 100 digitisation, public access
• RRR integration problem- coordinating agencies /
  sharing information?
• Large requirement for land information by many
  agencies
• Integration with EU SDI requirements

14
Denmark

• Core land related problems
• 85 in Urban areas
• Made up of over 400 islands (creates minimal
  problems)
• Increased demand for property related data by
  society
• Sky rocketing prices for property in urban
  environment how do we ensure social equity?

• Land administration issues
• Making information understandable to public
• Disputes with data
• Interaction between private surveyors and
  government
• Cadastre vs. land registry issues
• No overall comprehensive land policy
• Adequacy of existing ICT systems
• Achieving EU SDI initiatives
• 3d Cadastre?
• Marine Cadastre?

15
China

• Core land related problems
• Pollution/ highly industrialised and lack of land
  protection
• Urbanisation planning social problems
• Local corruption -acquisition of farming land
  (800,000 land disputes) without compensation
• Dispossession and lack of land security
• Taiwan/ Tibet
• Urban and rural divide

• Land administration issues
• Deeds system vs. ??
• Centralist government information access for
  the public
• Provincial titles vs. individual titles

16
Ukraine

• Core land related problems
• Private Ownership - former communist country, all
  state owned land. How do we privatise?
  Complicated, long process. How did they allocated
  land when first privatised? The processes of
  privatisation seem to be inhibiting investment.
• Resources - 85 of energy comes from Russia.
  Expensive.
• Buildings how are these administered? State
  owns land, private owners own the buildings.
• Environment Deforestation (tenures), pollution
• Corruption (see transparency international here)

• Land administration issues
• Corrupt institutions How to deal with?
• Legal systems - complexity
• EU Membership? How far off? Are the systems in
  line with EU standards?
• Mapping?
• Surveyors?
• Cadastral Maps?
• Registration systems?
• Titling projects?
• (Consider Pol, Hung, CZR)

17
Bangladesh

• Core land related problems
• Climate change - sea level rise of 1m 10 loss
  of land, flooding
• Fourth most populated country in the world
• Protection of national parks
• Weak governance, corruption
• Population shifts?
• Customary land?
• Forests?
• Agriculture? Importers?

• Land administration issues
• Two departments land and law, processing
  problems
• Many land disputes How can we minimize these?
• Law - based on English common law vs. Islamic
  majority in population.
• Land markets? Functioning? Banking system

18
Cambodia

• Core land related problems

• Land administration issues

19
Laos

• Core land related problems
• Poverty (one of the poorest in SE Asia)
• Gender issues
• Communal land issues (access)
• Governance? Lack of trust e.g. taxation issues
• Agricultural based
• Land locked
• Corruption

• Land administration issues
• Poor record keeping maps, cadastres?
• Titling system set up (LAMP?)
• Communist regime
• Capacitysurveyors? Technical school working?
• Institutional structure inflexible, but?
• Centralised systems working well. Rural areas
  poor.

20
Vanuatu

• Not present

21
Papua New Guinea

• Core land related problems
• Developing country, part of commonwealth
• Customary tenure management how to formalise?
• Lack of alienated land
• Deforestation (Who is doing this?)
• Mining issues??
• Not much exposure to western laws capacity is
  lacking.
• Economic issues

• Land administration issues
• Systems for managing customary land are lacking
• Cadastral reform has been undertaken (customary
  and informal land formal reporting) - Simple
  surveying techniques
• Highly decentralised systems institutional
  issues, corruption, bottlenecks
• Aussie aid focused on technical systems is this
  working?

22
Indonesia

• Not present

23
Switzerland

• Core land related problems
• Self sufficient in terms of agriculture?
• Social 60 urban, 30 rural rural supported by
  urban (rural subsidised) Is this a problem?
• Environment lots of ticks here.

• Land administration issues
• Federated country lack of uniformity, only 10
  profs at federal level, inability to manage
  holistically
• Struggling to get all parcels in a digital
  database (single DCDB)
• Legacy computer systems
• Restrictions and responsibilities on cadastre
  (see Cadastre 2014)

24
Andrah Predesh (India)

• Core land related problems
• Economic- one of the poorest States in India,
  agricultural
• Social poverty, high population, lack of
  capacity (8 spm), womens rights (only a third of
  woman can read)? Land disputes

• Land administration issues
• Land disputes why are there so many? How can we
  minimize?
• Amalgamation of three States how do we combine
  these systems?
• Lack of surveyors? How can we remedy this in the
  short term? The long term?
• Maps? Hand drawn? Organised?
• Long cadastral processes
• Land transfer processes? Occurring? Whats
  recorded?

25
Gujarat (India)

• Core land related problems
• Wealthy State, pop 50M, highly industrialised,
  Hindu majority, 35 worlds diamonds
• Good capacity (1 surveyor per thousand), well
  defined land management systems
• Encroachment on public land politicians looking
  for votes
• Legacy systems based on old UK colonial model
• Land costs black vs. real money (real makes
  up only 20 of the cost of land)

• Land administration issues
• Three types of tenure government, lease (new),
  private (old)
• Cadastral maps and registration at district level
  How can we integrate?
• Rights/Maps precise at individual level BUT
  poor on a holistic level
• Management of resource tenures? How is this done?
  Well organised and integrated with cadastre?
• Land tax vs. land records system? Well organised?
• How do we deal with the black money market?

26
South Africa

• Core land related problems
• Segregation of community (still remnants?) land
  redistribution
• Country in transition - socially
• Lots of red tape, time consuming, costly to
  register/subdivide
• Communal tenures vs. Freehold (individual). Which
  way to go? How can we deliver customary tenure
  using the legacy systems (colonial systems)
• Mining tenures. How are they managed?
• Capacity issues (AIDS)

• Land administration issues
• Deeds of grant introduced
• Developed cadastral information system
  (registration/taxation) up and running
• Low capacity - no government surveyors,
  registration required
• Institutional disparities 4 surveyor generals,
  different processes in the different provinces
• Highly complex land related law
• Implementation of new customary land law

27
Kenya

• Core land related problems
• Economic massive levels of poverty,
  agricultural economy (but limited arable and
  irrigated land)
• Environment many natural disasters (drought),
  tropical and dry areas, highlands
• Social conflict, massive corruption, native
  title issues (many different tribes and
  religions), no gender equality, 85 literate
  (over age of 15), coastal vs. inland disparities,
  lots of refugees

• Land administration issues
• Not much surveying (large scale basic
  photogrammetry)
• Titling system? British? Old legacy systems
• Surveyors?
• Maps?
• Capacity?
• How does corruption impede land administration?
• Land administration/ development projects?

28
Iraq

• Core land related problems
• Land and property security, land disputes, exiles
  returning
• Destroyed infrastructure
• Young government, overarching power?
• Tribal lands (Kurds?)
• Privately owned land ()? vs Religious ()? vs
  State?
• Credit systems vs. banking systems
• Different regions? different problems
  (Kurdistan is booming)

• Land administration issues
• ONE MAIN ONE - How do we stabilize land after the
  conflict?
• Security of tenure
• Government vs. private land
• Immediately (short term) vs Long term