TCP/IP History

1
TCP/IP History

• 1970 ARPANET started using Network Control
  Protocol
• 1972 Telnet was implemented
• 1973 FTP was introduced
• 1974 TCP was specified
• 1981 IP was specified
• 1983 ARPANET changed to TCP/IP
• 1984 DNS was introduced
• 1993 WWW invented

2
Internet Growth Trends

• 1977 111 hosts on Internet
• 1981 213 hosts
• 1983 562 hosts
• 1984 1,000 hosts
• 1986 5,000 hosts
• 1987 10,000 hosts
• 1989 100,000 hosts
• 1992 1,000,000 hosts
• 2001 150 175 million hosts
• 2002 over 200 million hosts
• By 2010, about 80 of the planet will be on the
  Internet

3
A Brief Summary of the Evolution of the Internet
Age of eCommerce Begins 1995
Mosaic Created 1993
WWW Created 1989
Internet Named and Goes TCP/IP 1984
TCP/IP Created 1972
ARPANET 1969
Hypertext Invented 1965
Packet Switching Invented 1964
First Vast Computer Network Envisioned 1962
Silicon Chip 1958
A Mathematical Theory of Communication 1948
Memex Conceived 1945
1945
4
The Ever-changing Internet

• Different colors based on IP address
• http//research.lumeta.com/ches/map

5
The Internet Standard Process

• The Internet Society (ISOC). A group of
  volunteers who manages the standards of TCP/IP
• The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is the
  technical advisory group of ISOC, and responsible
  for setting standards, publishing RFCs and
  overseeing the Internet Standards process.
• RFCs. A document written by anyone, a standard
  suggestion, read and tested by the ISOC. Each RFC
  is assigned a number. A RFC is never updated, but
  a new RFC is created.

6
RFC Classifications

• Required. Must be implemented on all TCP/IP-based
  hosts and gateways.
• Recommended. Its encouraged that this is
  implemented.
• Elective.
• Limited use. Not a general implementation.
• Not recommended. Must not be implemented.

7
RFC Maturity level

• Proposed Standard. Valuable, due to the interest
  from the community
• Draft Standard. Stable and good.
• Internet Standard. A significant benefit to the
  Internet.

8
TCP/IP un Internets
RIPE, ARIN, APNIC ICANN
RFC 1-3542 http//www.faqs.org/rfcs/
9
TCP/IP protokolu kopa
10
TCP/IP un ISO OSI modelis
11
IPv4 pakete RFC 791 (1981)
12
IPv4 pakete RFC 791 (1981)
13
Type of Service (TOS)
Precedence
DiffServ QoS mehanisms IP telefonija
(VoIP) Video Streaming etc.
14
IP paketes fragmentešana
15
Protokoli
16
IP Opcijas

• Source Routing - If known, the actual route to be
  followed through the network may be specified as
  a list of routers
• Route Record - records the addresses of the
  routers visited by the datagram
• Stream Identification - allows source to indicate
  the type of data being carried - samples of
  speech
• Timestamp - the source and intermediate routers
  add a timestamp to the data

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Ping options
C\NETgtping Usage ping -t -a -n count -l
size -f -i TTL -v TOS -r
count -s count -j host-list -k
host-list -w timeout
target_name Options -t Ping the
specified host until stopped.
To see statistics and continue - type
Control-Break To stop - type
Control-C. -a Resolve addresses
to hostnames. -n count Number of echo
requests to send. -l size Send buffer
size. -f Set Don't Fragment flag
in packet. -i TTL Time To Live.
-v TOS Type Of Service. -r count
Record route for count hops. -s count
Timestamp for count hops. -j host-list
Loose source route along host-list. -k
host-list Strict source route along host-list.
-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait
for each reply. C\NETgt
C\NETgttracert www.delfi.lv Tracing route to
www.delfi.lv 195.2.123.94 over a maximum of 30
hops 1 12 ms 12 ms 11 ms
81.198.214.1 2 12 ms 11 ms 12 ms
iveta.tkom.lv 195.122.1.65 3 12 ms 12
ms 11 ms iveta.tkom.lv 195.122.1.65 4
12 ms 12 ms 12 ms 195.122.6.27 5 12
ms 12 ms 12 ms 195.122.6.102 6 12 ms
16 ms 15 ms 62.85.40.225 7 25 ms 14
ms 12 ms rev2.delfi.lv 195.2.123.94 Trace
complete. C\NETgtping -r 9 www.delfi.lv Pinging
www.delfi.lv 195.2.123.94 with 32 bytes of
data Reply from 195.2.123.94 bytes32
time17ms TTL58 Route 62.85.40.227 -gt
195.2.123.65 -gt 195.2.123.94 -gt
62.85.40.225 -gt 195.122.6.109
-gt 195.122.1.65 Reply from
195.2.123.94 bytes32 time21ms TTL58
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IPv6 Pakete RFC 1883 (1995)
Ver.
Total Length
Type of Service
Hdr Len
Ver.
Traffic Class
Hdr Len
Flow Label
Flow Label
Identification
Fragment Offset
Flg
Payload Length
Next Header
Hop Limit
Identification
Fragment Offset
Flg
Time to Live
Protocol
Header Checksum
Source Address
Header Checksum
Source Address
Destination Address
FEDCBA9876543210FEDCBA9876543210
Options...
Options...
Destination Address
shaded fields have no equivalent in the other
version IPv6 header is twice as long (40 bytes)
as IPv4 header without options (20 bytes)
10800008800200C417A
24
IPv6 Timeline
Consumer adoption lt Dur. 5 yrs.
gt
Enterprise adopt.
lt 3 yrs. gt