Methodologies for Estimation of Greenhouse Gases in the Waste Sector of National GHG Inventories

1
Methodologies for Estimation of Greenhouse Gases
in the Waste Sector of National GHG Inventories

• Member State Presentation Finland
• Jouko Petäjä
• Finnish Environment Institute
• Workshop on Inventories and Projections of
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Waste,
• EEA, Copenhagen 2-3 May 2005

2
Relevance of the Waste Sector

• Key source categories
• in the waste sector
• (Tier 2 method)
• 6.A Solid Waste Disposal on Land Methane.
• 6.B Domestic and Commercial Wastewater
  Handling densely populated areas (collected
  wastewater) Nitrous oxide.

GHG emissions of the Waste Sector in 2003
compared with the total GHG emissions in Finland.
Figure.
3
Time Series of Solid Waste Disposal
Figure. GHG Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal
on Land.
4
Time Series of Wastewater Handling
Figure. Nitrous oxide and Methane Emissions from
Wastewater Handling.
5
Time Series Consistency
Wastewater
Solid Waste Disposal

• Method and parameters are the same through the
  whole time series
• Sources of activity data variate
• Literature estimation (1990)
• Landfill Registry (1992-1995) with rough waste
  classification and volume units
• VAHTI database (1997-2003) with EWC code
  classification and mass units

• Method and parameters are the same through the
  whole time series
• Two registers for activity data in time series of
  wastewater handling but original data is
  consistent

6
Reporting of Parameters

• Parameters are reported mainly in NIR. The level
  of this reporting is the same as in IPCC
  Guidances or in CRF tables (e.g. MCF, DOC
  fractions, methane generation rate constants,
  waste composition of solid municipal waste,
  maximum methane producing capacity).
• Some of the specific calculation or grouping
  parameters are documented only in the MS Excel
  sheets or in the MS Access sampling routines
  (e.g. default values for moisture content or
  grouping information on EWC waste codes).

7
Methods of Wastewater Handling

• Methane from Collected Domestic (and Commercial)
  and Industrial Wastewater Handling Plants
• Shared methane conversion factors have been used
  for both wastewater and sludge handling.
• Methane recovery has not been taken into account
  (emissions are caused by exceptional operation
  conditions of aerobic processes or by minor
  leakages in anaerobic sludge treatment).
• Methane from Uncollected Domestic Wastewater
  Handling
• Check method with default parameters has been
  used
• Nitrous oxide
• Measured N input values for collected wastewater
• FAO statistics for uncollected wastewater
  (sparsely popul. areas)
• N input from fish farming and from industry have
  been also used

8
Solid Waste Disposal on Land Methods and
Definitions

• Emissions from Solid Waste Disposal on Land has
  been calculated by using the First Order Decay
  (FOD) Method (IPCC Tier 2 method) with a
  modification on Methane Correction Factor (MCF)
  parameter.
• Emissions from composting are estimated neglible
  small.
• Emissions from Waste Incineration and energy use
  of recovered methane are reported in the Energy
  Sector (possible emissions from recovered but
  flared methane are not reported).

9
Uncertainties and QA/QC Procedures

• Wastewater Handling
• General (Tier 1) Quality Control (QC) Procedures
  (e.q. gross-checking the data in the
  calculation model with the documentation on
  activity data and emissions factors)
• Solid Waste Disposal on Land
• General (Tier 1) Quality Control (QC) Procedures
• Tier 2 QC for activity data and for emissions
  factors (especially VAHTI database data were
  cross-checked with the data of previous years)
• Uncertainties
• Uncertainties are quite high for activity data of
  SWDSs and for emissions factors of Wastewater
  Handling

10
Modification to the MCF Parameter

• FOD method in GPG 2000
• In the original IPCC formula
• Modified formula in the Finnish inventory

11
Illustration of SWDSs with variating MCF
parameters
03
Change from 2000 to 2003
99
02
01
00
98
96
00
96
99
97
98
97
The SWDS has cover material and mechanical
compacting from 2001 to 2003 MCF1.0. The MCF
for wastes deposited in 1996-2000 and degraded in
the years 2001-03 is 1.0, also.
The above SWDS has no cover material and no
mechanical compacting from the years 1996 to
2000 MCF0.4.
12
Calculation Procedure for EPER

• Historical waste data is taken according to the
  national data if the actual data of the SWDS in
  question is unknown.
• Default values for calculation parameters are the
  national values. If better information is
  available, site specific values can be used.
• To simplify the calculation procedure a recursive
  formula was developed (analogous to IPCC 2006
  manuscript).

13
Recursive Calculation for EPER

• Degradeable DOC Deg MSWdepos? DOC ? DOCF
  and
• where Dis(t) is the dissimilated DOC in year t.
• If all the waste is deposited in the beginning of
  the year then
• If there is a time delay ? (in years, between 0
  and 1)