Roadmap to XML

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Roadmap to XML
Richard Marciano Research Scientist San Diego
Supercomputer Center marciano_at_sdsc.edu
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Outline

• 900 1000
• XML core
• overview, the XML 1.0 Specification syntax,
  namespaces, DTDs, ...
• 1015 1115
• XML content creation
• tools used to create XML,
• 1130 1230
• XML content retrieval
• browsers, XSLT,
• --------------------------------------------------
  --------------------------
• 200 330
• New XML directions
• knowledge and XML Topic Maps, Semantic Web,
  Maps,
• 400 500
• XML for archivists
• uses of XML for archivists, tools?, other uses?,
  needs?

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New XML Directions

• 200 p.m. 330 p.m.
• 330 p.m. 400 p.m. BREAK

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The Semantic WebThe Semantic Web, Scientific
American, May 2001, Tim Berners-Lee

• Extension of the Web (with Knowledge Meaning)
• Where data on the Web is defined and linked in
  a way that it can be used by machines not just
  for display purposes, but for automation,
  integration and reuse of data across various
  applications
• Provide a language that expresses both data and
  rules for reasoning about the data and that
  allows rules from any existing knowledge-represent
  ation system to be exported onto the Web
• Adding logic to the Webthe means to use rules to
  make inferences, choose courses of action and
  answer questions
• Important technologies
• XML
• RDF with RDF, triples form webs of information
  about related things
• collections of information called Ontologies
• In philosophy, an ontology is a theory about the
  nature of existence
• Here its a document or file that formally
  defines the relations among terms. The most
  typical kind of ontology for the Web has a
  taxonomy and a set of inference rules.
• The taxonomy defines classes of objects and
  relations among them
• Inference rules help further manipulate the terms

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Normalized Data/Metadata Representation

• Resource Description Framework (RDF)
• Metadata model
• The designer can describe objects, add properties
  to define and describe them, and also make
  complicated statements about the objects
  (statements about relationships between
  resources).
• The specification comes in two sections
• Model Syntax (viewed as directed, labeled
  graphs)
• RDF Schemas (using an XML vocabulary)

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Resource Description Framework (RDF)

• Metadata is useful for information retrieval
  (esp. if no other schema info or semantics is
  available)
• Idea representation independent encoding of
  metadata as triples (Resource, PropertyType,
  Value)
• (uri1, DCcreator, uri2), (uri2, vCardname,
  smith), ...
• "Semantic Net"

DCcreator
uri1
uri2
vCardname
smith
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Ora Lassila is the creator of the resource
http//www.w3.org/Home/Lassila.
Creator
http//www.w3.org/Home/Lassila
Ora Lassila
Figure 1 Simple node and arc diagram
Figure 1 Simple node and arc diagram
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Ora Lassila is the creator of the resource
http//www.w3.org/Home/Lassila.
RDF/XML
3.org/Home/Lassila" Ora
Lassila
namespace prefix 's' refers to a
specific namespace prefix chosen by the author of
this RDF expression and defined in an XML
namespace declaration such as xmlnss"http//des
cription.org/schema/"
Figure 1 Simple node and arc diagram
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TOPIC MAPS ISO/IEC 13250 (Jan. 2000) Bridging
knowledge representation information
management

• STANDARD FOR
• describing knowledge structures
• associating them with information resources
• solution for organizing and navigating large and
  large information pools
• XTM SPECIFICATION

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TOPIC MAPS

• New paradigm for K. navigation synthesis
• Concept of creating style sheets for K.-based
  information access and navigation
• GPS for the Web
• TMs define semantically customized views

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The TAO of Topic Maps
T is for Topic
Helms, Jesse
Senate Budget
Senate Finance
Nov 4, 19999
SBC
North Carolina
School Lunch
S.1019
Relief of Edwards
Senate Budget
Senate Budget
Helms, Jesse
McCain, John
SHJ
North Carolina
Topics
Topic types
Topic names
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The TAO of Topic Maps (cont.)
O is for Occurence
Occurrences
Occurrence Roles
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The TAO of Topic Maps (cont.)
A is for Association
McCain, John
McCain, John
S.1078
D.C.
D.C.
S.1078
Helms, Jesse
Helms, Jesse
North Carolina
North Carolina
North Carolina
S.43
S.43
Raleigh
Raleigh
Topic associations
Association types
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The TAO of Topic Maps (cont.)
Independence of topic associations topic
occurrences (information resources)
McCain, John
S.1078
D.C.
Helms, Jesse
North Carolina
S.43
Raleigh
Topic maps as portable semantic networks
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References

• XTM DTD --

http//www.topicmaps.org/xtm/index.html
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Senate Legislative Activities CollectionNARA
106th Senate
Paul S. Sarbanes of Maryland (see p. 135, p. 151,
etc.) January 06, 1999 to March 31, 2000 Section
I Sponsored measures Section II Cosponsored
measures Section III Sponsored measures
organized by committee referral Senate
Armed Services Senate Banking House
Judiciary Section IV Cosponsored measures
organized by committee referral Senate
Agriculture House Science Section V
Sponsored amendments Section VI Cosponsored
amendments Section VII Subject index to measures
and amendments
Raw Data
Raw Data
Raw Data rtf
Senator 1
Senator 2
...
Senator 99
S. 151 Date Introduced 01/19/1999 Cosponsor
s NONE Official title A bill to
amend the International
Maritime Satellite Telecommunications Act Latest
status Jan 19, 1999 Read twice and
referred to the Committee on
Commerce Abstract NONE
Subject Index Academic Performance S.7, S.514,
S.564 Access to Health Care S.6, S.1678,
S.1690 Zoning and zoning law S.9,
S.Con.Res.10, S.Res.41, S.J.Res.39
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TM Example (XTM-like)DTD 1/2
(topic assoc ) occurs) REQUIRED types CDATA IMPLIED
sortname)
sortname (PCDATA)
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DTD 2/2
locator EMPTY CDATA REQUIRED href CDATA REQUIRED
assoc types CDATA IMPLIED assocrl EMPTY CDATA REQUIRED href CDATA
REQUIRED  
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TM Example The XML doc itself (1/4)

Apartment
houses Apt.
Houses APARTMENTHOUS
ES
/  
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TM XML Document (2/4)

Children
Child.
CHILDREN
href"S.300" / role"DiscussedIn" href"S.463" /

/ href"S.1709" / role"DiscussedIn" href"S.Res.125" /


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TM XML Document (3/4)
 
Welfare
Welf.
WELFARE
href"S.463" / role"DiscussedIn" href"S.1277" /

href"S.Con.Res.28" / role"DiscussedIn" href"S.Res.125" /

  types"SubjectEntry"
Youth employment
Youth empl.
YOUTEMPLOYMENT
role"DiscussedIn" href"S.463" /
 
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TM XML Document (4/4)
   
/ href"t2" / ill" href"t3" / role"DiscussedInSameBill" href"t4" /
  Bills" href"t2" / ill" href"t3" /  
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Topic Maps Self-ControlExtreme ML 2000, Montreal
Hans Holger Rath

• Topic Map templates
• Logical container for the schema part of the
  map
• Type/theme declarations
• Constraints
• Inference rules
• Association properties
• Transitivity
• Support inferencing capabilities
• Type hierarchies commercial site
  (www.ontopia.net)
• Super-subclassing
• Inferencing
• Consistency checking with constraints
• Rule-based constraints control validation process
• Constraint patterns

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Topic Maps Self-Control ( continued)

• Inference rules
• Deduce additional knowledge
• Inference patterns
• Examples
• If topic1 is a sibling of topic2 and topic1 is
  a male then topic1 is a brother
• typeclass-instance
• scopeir-schema
• ir-topic-A-PERSONassocrl
• male
• ? THE TM control their own structure and content!

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Model-Based Mediation
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Simplest Definitions

• Data
• Digital object
• Objects are streams of bits
• Information
• Any tagged data, which is treated as an
  attribute.
• Attributes may be tagged data within the digital
  object, or tagged data that is associated with
  the digital object
• Knowledge
• Relationships between attributes
• Relationships can be procedural/temporal,
  structural/spatial, logical/semantic, functional

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Types of Knowledge Relationships

• Logical / semantic
• Digital Library cross-walks
• Temporal / procedural
• Workflow systems
• Spatial / structural
• GIS systems
• Functional / algorithmic
• Scientific feature analysis

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Knowledge Based Persistent Archive
Ingest Services
Management
Access Services
Knowledge or Topic-Based Query / Browse
Knowledge Repository for Rules
Relationships Between Concepts
Knowledge
XTM DTD
Rules - KQL
(Topic Maps / Buckets / Model-based Access)
Attribute- based Query
Attributes Semantics
Information Repository
SDLIP
Information
XML DTD
(Data Handling System - SRB / FTP / HTTP)
Data
Fields Containers Folders
Storage (Replicas, Persistent IDs)
Grids
Feature-based Query
MCAT/HDF
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Further Information
http//www.npaci.edu/DICE