Ingen diastitel

1
Meeting of the International Advisory Committee
to FLD 20 May 2005
Forest Landscape
Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning
KVL
2
Use, improvement and conservation of forest
genetic resources

• FLD Core Area A.1 within the development and
  environment programme

3
Priority areas

• Seed distribution and production programmes
  matching local conditions and institutional
  set-ups
• Enhanced use of the diversity of tree species
  with a focus on underutilised species including
  fruittree species and farmer based domestication
• Integrating conservation and use
• Understanding the genetic processes and
  consequences of alternative domestication
  strategies at the landscape level

4
Advise?

• Are the priority areas right?
• Do we deal with the right problems and in the
  the right way?
• Anything we miss?

5
Seed distribution systems

• Long-term experience success or failure?
• Success by their mere existence following donor
  withdrawal
• Failure (or gap) by their limited impact on
  farmers plantings

Priority area Seed
6
Evolution of crop seed industry
Initiation of modern plant breeding
Initiation of seed production by public sector
Initiation of private seed
industry Creation of seed
certification
Arrival of multinationals
Public sector involvement
Private sector involvement
(ISSAAC, Uganda 2004)
Priority area Seed
7
Seed programmes matching local conditions and
institutional set-ups

• Problems
• Difficult to provide real quality seed, when
  users do not attach a value to seed (the large
  un-explored market)
• Difficult to make tree seed procurement a
  business in its own (many species, poor users)
• New development programmes tree seed should be a
  diverse part of an agricultural commodity chain
  together with other commodities

Priority area Seed
8
Comparative Advantages of Trees in farming systems

• They are feasible and attractive to the poor
• Low cost investment with potential high returns
• Low labour inputs for many agroforestry systems
• They provide inputs where markets are imperfect
  or prices are high
• Fodder, soil nutrients, construction materials,
  fencing
• They add stability to system productivity and
  income
• Deep rooting systems enable trees to produce
  under climate variability
• They can provide numerous micro-climate services
  for crops
• They are a durable and non-depreciating asset
• Value of timber trees often rises more than
  proportionally with age
• Trees are relatively safe from disease or theft
• (IFPRI 2020 Vision)

Priority area Enhanced Use
9
Enhanced use of a diversity of tree species and
farmer based domestication

• Problems
• Comparative advantages of trees in farming
  systems not used/not known
• Traditional scientific tree breeding not
  economic (many species, poor farmers)
• New domestication programmes application of low
  input domestication models to support economic
  development and conservation

Priority area Enhanced Use
10
Integrating conservation and use

• Development from add on to built in
• Early recognition Gene banks are not suitable
  for evolutionary conservation of trees
• More recent experience conservation isolated
  from use (pure conservation stands, security
  nets) do not work
• Modern approaches Use underutilised species
  and built on diversity in domestication. Still to
  be tested in practise. Difficult to attract
  support.

Priority area Conservation/Use
11
Understanding the genetic processes and
domestication at the landscape level

• Problems
• Gain and diversity complex relationship and
  (inter)dependency
• Using diversity how much is enough? How much for
  improvement ? How much for evolution?
• Developing rules of thumb and the seed source
  concept (plantations, natural forests, farmlands)
  to support domestication and conservation

Priority area Genetic processes
12
Advise?

• Are the priority areas right?
• Do we deal with the right problems and in the
  the right way?
• Anything we miss?