SKELETAL TISSUES

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SKELETAL TISSUES
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TYPES OF BONES

• LONG BONES
• FEMUR
• SHORT BONES
• PHALANGES
• FLAT BONES
• frontal, scapula
• IRREGULAR BONES
• vertebrae

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LONG BONES

• DIAPHYSIS
• shaft
• compact bone
• yellow marrow
• periosteum
• endosteum
• medullary cavity

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LONG BONES

• EPIPHYSES
• ends of bone
• spongy bone
• red marrow
• articular cartilage
• epiphyseal plate

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BONE TISSUE

• BONE MATRIX
• inorganic slats
• organic matrix

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compact bone

• osteons (Haversian system)
• lacunae- little lake
• osteocytes found in lacuna
• canaliculi- mall canals
• Haversian canal
• Volkmann's canal

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Cancellous bone ( spongy bone

• trabeculae

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BONE CELLS

• OSTEOCYTES
• mature bone cells

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bone cells, cont.

• osteoblasts
• bone forming cells
• osteoclasts
• bone reabsorbing cells
• NOTE osteoblasts and osteoclasts are found in
  bone marrow and periosteum

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FUNCTIONS OF BONE

• SUPPORT
• PROTECTION
• MOVEMENT
• MINERAL STORAGE
• HEMATOPOIESIS

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DEVELOPMENT OF BONE

• endochondral ossification (long bone(
• primary ossification center
• secondary ossification center
• epiphyseal plate
• zone of resting cartilage
• zone of proliferation
• zone of hypertrophy
• zone of calcification

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DEVELOPMENT OF BONE, CONT.

• cartilage model
• subperiosteal bone collar formation
• primary ossification center
• entrance of blood vessels
• marrow cavity development
• secondary ossification center
• epiphyseal plate disappears and line forms

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Intramembranous ossification

• Are formed from within a fibrous membrane
• Examples are flat bones (skull)
• The process starts with osteoblasts
• Golgi apparatus secretes mucopolysaccharides
• ER makes and secretes collagen
• Ground substance accumulates around osteoblasts

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Intramembranous ossification, cont.

• Calcification of bone matrix leads to production
  of trabeculae and forms the spongy bone
• Spongy bone will be covered by a layer of compact
  bone on either side
• Flat bones do not grow by interior expansion but
  do grow by additional osseous tissue being added
  to OUTER surface of bone

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Bone Fracture and repair

• Hematoma
• Callus formation
• Bone remodeling

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THREE TYPES OF CARTILAGE

• hyaline- glass like
• elastic cartilage- flexible
• fibrocartilage- fibers

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HYALINE CARTILAGE

• found on the ends of bone, trachea
• smooth surface at ends of bones provides for free
  movement

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ELASTIC CARTILAGE

• found in outer ear flap, between vertebrae
• tissue will bend yet retain its shape

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FIBROCARTILAGE

• found in intervertebral disks
• absorbs shocks with some give
• NOTE all three have chondrocytes in lacuna but
  different matrix