Modul 1 Pendahuluan

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Modul 1 Pendahuluan
TT 4113 SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER
Jurusan Teknik Elektro IT TTelkom 2008
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Agenda

• Detail Mata Kuliah.
• Grading Penilaian.
• Silabus dan SA.
• Wireless Communication.
• Simplex Communication.
• What is Mobility.
• Pengertian Nirkabel.

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Obyektif Pengajaran

• Siswa mengetahui tujuan pembelajaran sistem
  komunikasi seluler
• Siswa mengetahui organisasi pengajaran sistem
  komunikasi seluler
• Siswa mengetahui metodologi pengajaran, dan cara
  penilaian yang dilakukan
• Siswa mengetahui garis-garis besar perkembangan
  sistem komunikasi seluler , terminologi-termonolog
  i dasar

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1. Detail Matakuliah

• SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SELULER (kode TT 4113)
• Dosen semester ini (diupdate setiap semester)
• Teksbook yang direkomendasikan
• Theodore Rappaport, Wireless Communications
  Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Prentice
  Hall, December 2001.

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3. Silabus dan SAP (1/5)
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Silabus dan SAP (2/5)

• Materi modul 1 7 Bahan UTS

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Silabus dan SAP (3/5)
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Silabus dan SAP (5/5)
Materi modul 8 14 Bahan UAS
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(No Transcript)
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2. Grading Penilaian

• Komponen penilaian
• Ujian Tengah Semester 35
• Ujian Akhir Semester 45
• Quiz / Tugas / PR 20

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4. Wireless Communication

• Transmisis suara dan data menggunakan gelombang
  elektromagnetik menuju ruang bebas
• Gelombang elektromagnetik
• Kecepatan cahaya (c 3x108 m/s)
• Memiliki frekuensi (f) dan panjang gelombang
  (l)
• c f x l
• Penggunaan frekuensi lebih tinggi umumnya medium
  meredam lebih besar

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Spektrum frekuensi
104
102
100
10-2
10-4
10-6
10-8
10-10
10-12
10-14
10-16
IR
UV
X-Rays
Cosmic Rays
Radio Spectrum
Microwave
104
106
108
1010
1012
1014
1016
1018
1020
1022
1024
1MHz 100m100MHz 1m 10GHz 1cm
Visible light
lt 30 KHz VLF30-300KHz
LF 300KHz 3MHz MF3 MHz 30MHz
HF 30MHz 300MHz VHF 300 MHz 3GHz
UHF 3-30GHz SHF gt 30 GHz
EHF
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Contoh panjang gelombang

• GSM
• Frekuensi 900 Mhz
• Panjang gelombang 33cm
• PCS
• Frekuensi 1.8 Ghz
• Panjang gelombang 17.5 cm
• Bluetooth
• Frekuensi 2.4Gz
• Panjang gelombang 12.5cm

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Frequency Carrier/Kanal

• Informasi yang dikirim menuju receiver dilewatkan
  pada band frekuensi tertentu.
• Disebut sebagai kanal (channel)
• Tiap kanal memiliki bandwidth yang tetap (dalam
  KHz) dan kapasitas (bit-rate)
• Band frekuensi yang berbeda (atau kanal) dapat
  digunakan untuk mentransmisikan informasi secara
  paralel dan independen (konsep multiple access).

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Example

• Assume a spectrum of 90KHz is allocated over a
  base frequency b for communication between
  stations A and B
• Assume each channel occupies 30KHz.
• There are 3 channels
• Each channel is simplex (Transmission occurs in
  one way)
• For full duplex communication
• Use two different channels (front and reverse
  channels)
• Use time division in a channel

Channel 1 (b - b30)
Station A
Station B
Channel 2 (b30 - b60)
Channel 3 (b60 - b90)
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5. Simplex Communication

• Normally, on a channel, a station can transmit
  only in one way.
• This is called simplex transmision
• To enable two-way communication (called
  full-duplex communication)
• We can use Frequency Division Multiplexing
• We can use Time Division Multiplexing

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Duplex Communication - FDD

• FDD Frequency Division Duplex

Base Station B
Mobile Terminal M
Forward Channel
Reverse Channel
Forward Channel and Reverse Channel use different
frequency bands
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Duplex Communication - TDD

• TDD Time Division Duplex

Base Station B
Mobile Terminal M
M
B
M
B
M
B
A singe frequency channel is used. The channel is
divided into time slots. Mobile station and base
station transmits on the time slots alternately.

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Example - Frequency Spectrum Allocation in U.S.
Cellular Radio Service
Reverse Channel
Forward Channel
991
992

1023
1
2

799
991
992

1023
1
2

799
824-849 MHz
869-894 MHz
Channel Number
Center Frequency (MHz)
Reverse Channel 1 ltN lt 799
991 lt N lt 1023
0.030N 825.0 0.030(N-1023) 825.0
Forward Channel 1 ltN lt 799
991 lt N lt 1023
0.030N 870.0 0.030(N-1023) 870.0
(Channels 800-990 are unused)
Channel bandwidth is 45 MHz
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6. What is Mobility

• Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is
  designed assuming the user terminals are static
• No change of location during a call/connection
• A user terminals accesses the network always from
  a fixed location
• Mobility and portability
• Portability means changing point of attachment to
  the network offline
• Mobility means changing point of attachment to
  the network online

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Degrees of Mobility

• Walking Users
• Low speed
• Small roaming area
• Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access
• Vehicles
• High speeds
• Large roaming area
• Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access
• Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell
  phones)

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What is Mobility

• Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is
  designed assuming the user terminals are static
• No change of location during a call/connection
• A user terminals accesses the network always from
  a fixed location
• Mobility and portability
• Portability means changing point of attachment to
  the network offline
• Mobility means changing point of attachment to
  the network online

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Degrees of Mobility

• Walking Users
• Low speed
• Small roaming area
• Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access
• Vehicles
• High speeds
• Large roaming area
• Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access
• Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell
  phones)

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The Need for Wireless/Mobile Networking

• Demand for Ubiquitous Computing
• Anywhere, anytime computing and communication
• You dont have to go to the lab to check your
  email
• Pushing the computers more into background
• Focus on the task and life, not on the computer
• Use computers seamlessly to help you and to make
  your life more easier.
• Computers should be location aware
• Adapt to the current location, discover services

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Pengertian Nirkabel

• Sistem Komunikasi menggunakan frekuensi/spektrum
  radio, yang memungkinkan transmisi
  (pengiriman/penerimaan) informasi (suara, data,
  gambar, video) tanpa koneksi fisik
• Dibedakan dari sistem transmisi yang memerlukan
  koneksi fisik, seperti kabel/kawat tembaga atau
  fiber optik
• Bersifat tetap (fixed) atau bergerak (mobile)
• Dibatasi oleh ketersediaan spektrum (pita
  frekuensi), karena adanya interferensi (saling
  mengganggu) jika digunakan bersama

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Komunikasi Nirkabel

• Dapat dilakukan dimana saja (mobile)
• Bisa bersifat lebih personal
• Dibatasi oleh sifat antarmuka terminal
• Layar kecil (ponsel) sampai menengah (laptop)
• Tombol terbatas
• Daya terbatas

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Pemanfaatan Teknologi Nirkabel

• Layanan Bersifat tetap (fixed)
• Penggunaan sekitar rumah (Cordless-DECT)
• Sambungan lokal (wireless local loop-WLL)
• Bluetooth jarak pendek, kecepatan rendah
• WiFi jarang menengah, kecepatan cukup tinggi
• WIMAX jarak jauh, kecepatan tinggi
• Satellite jangkauan luas, kecepatan menengah
• RFID jangkauan sangat kecil
• Layanan Bersifat bergerak (mobile)
• Limited Mobility (Flexi)
• Cellular (GSM, CDMA, 3G)
• Satellite (GMPCS)

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Berbagai Teknologi Nirkabel
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Standard Nirkabel
Sensors
RFID (AutoID Center)
IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance)
(BAN)
BAN Body Area Network
RAN
IEEE 802.22
WAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA
IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e
IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19
MAN
IEEE 802.16d WiMAX
ETSI HiperMAN HIPERACCESS
LAN
IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance
ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2
PAN
IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA
ETSI HiperPAN
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System Evolution Scenario
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GSM Evolution
UMTS Up to 2 Mbps or 384 in mobility
GSM CS Up to 9,6 Kbps
GSM GPRS Up to 115 kbps
GSM HSCSD Up to 38,4 kbps
2G
3G
2.5G
EDGE
Operators prefer choose direct going to GPRS
technology rather than going to GSM HSCSD
technology because no HSCSD handset availability
and short time stage
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CDMA Standards Evolution
IS-2000 1X 144 Kbps 600 Kbps peak
IS-95A CDMA Voice, packet- 9.6/14.4 Kbps
IS-95B CDMA Voice, packet- 64 Kbps
IS-2000 1XEV-DO 600 Kbps 2.4 Kbps peak
IS-2000 1XEV-DV 2-5 Mbps peak
All IP
CDMA2000 PCN/Mobile IP
CDMA2000
Interworking function
cdmaOne
Source CDMA2000-A world view
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IMT-2000 (Family of Standards)
IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces
IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread
IMT-2000 CDMA Multi Carrier
IMT-2000 CDMA TDD
IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier
IMT-2000 FDMA/ TDMA
WCDMA (UMTS)
CDMA2000 1X and 3X
UTRA TDD And TD-SCDMA
UWC-136/ EDGE
DECT
CDMA
TDMA
FDMA
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Berbagai jenis Content Aplikasi
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Intermezzo