Chapter 25: Sexually Transmitted

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Chapter 25 Sexually Transmitted Infections and
HIV/AIDS
(Note some pictures in this presentation are
extremely graphic)
Created By Jessi Cooke and Jessica Ketterer
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Indiana State Health Standards
Indiana State Health Standards

10.1.2 Analyze how behavior can impact health
maintenance and disease prevention.
10.1.9 Explain complex health terms and
concepts.  
10.4.5 Research and analyze how public health
policies and government regulations influence
health promotion and disease prevention  
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Lesson 1 The Risks of STIs

• Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and Sexually
  transmitted infections (STIs)- infectious
  diseases spread from person to person through
  sexual contact
• STDs The Hidden Epidemic
• Epidemics are occurrences of diseases in which
  many people in the same place at the same time.
• Approximately 65 million people in the United
  States are living with an incurable STD many
  cases are undiagnosed and untreated.
• Many people with STDs are asymptomatic, which
  means without symptoms.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

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Lesson 1 (continued)

• Risks that can cause STDs
• Being sexually active with more than one person-
• Even if you are only having sex with one person,
  you may still be unaware of your partners past
  behavior.
• Engaging in unprotected sex-
• Protection is not 100 effective in preventing
  the transmission of STDs
• Selecting high-risk partners-
• High-risk partners include people whove had sex
  with more than one person, and those whove
  injected illegal drugs
• Using alcohol and other drugs-
• Alcohol use can lower inhibitions 25 of teens
  who have sex have been under the influence

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Lesson 1 still continued

• The consequences of STDs
• Some STDs are incurable
• Some STDs cause cancer
• Some STDs can cause complications that affect the
  ability to reproduce
• Some STDs can be passed from an infected female
  to her child before, during, or after birth

• Abstinence
• - abstinence- the deliberate decision to
  avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual
  activity before marriage and the use of tobacco,
  alcohol, and other drugs.

lesson 1 interactive study guide
flashcards
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Lesson 2 Common STIs

• Human Papillomavirus
• Human Papillomavirus a virus that can cause
  genital warts or asymptomatic infection also
  known as HPV
• HPV is considered to be the most common STD in
  the United States
• 50- 75 of sexually active males and females
  acquire HPV infection at some point in their
  lives
• Genital Warts pink or reddish warts cauliflower
  like tops that appear on the genitals, the
  vagina, or the cervix one to three months after
  infection from HPV
• Highly contagious spread by any form of sexual
  contact with and infected person

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Lesson 2 (continued)

• Chlamydia- a bacterial infection that affects the
  reproductive organs of both males and females.
• It is diagnosed by laboratory examination of
  secretions from the cervix in females and from
  the urethra in males
• Genital Herpes- a STD caused by the herpes
  simplex virus
• Type 1 typically causes cold sores
• Type 2 usually causes genital sores
• Gonorrhea- a bacterial STD that usually affects
  mucous membranes
• Symptoms in males include discharge from penis
  and painful urination
• 50 of females who have gonorrhea have no
  symptoms the 50 that do have vaginal discharge
  and pain or burning when urinating

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Lesson 2 (still continued)

• Trichomoniasis- a STD caused by microscopic
  protozoan that results in infections of the
  vagina, urethra, and bladder
• Females have to symptoms however, the disease
  may result in vaginitis- an inflammation of the
  vagina characterized by discharge, odor,
  irritation, and itching
• Syphillis- a STD that attacks many parts of the
  body and is caused by a small bacterium called a
  spirochete
• Eventually if not treated the disease can damage
  internal organs including the heart, liver,
  nervous system, and kidneys

lesson 2 interactive study guide
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Lesson 3 HIV and AIDS

• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)- a
  disease in which the immune system of the patient
  is weakened
• AIDS cases are declining among the population as
  a whole, but there has been no decline in the
  number of diagnosed HIV infections
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- a virus that
  attacks the immune system
• Body becomes susceptible to common infections and
  to opportunistic infections- infections that
  occur in individuals who do not have healthy
  immune systems

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Lesson 3 (continued)

• How HIV is transmitted
• The HIV organism lives inside the cells and body
  fluids
• Sexual intercourse
• HIV can enter a partners blood through tiny cuts
  in the body
• Sharing needles
• A person with HIV shares needles or syringes with
  other people
• Mother to baby
• HIV in the mothers blood can be transmitted
  through the umbilical cord and during delivery

lesson 3 interactive study guide
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Lesson 4 Treatment for HIV and AIDS

• Stages of HIV infections
• Symptoms may include fever, rash, headache, body
  aches, and swollen glands
• Symptoms disappear within a week to a month and
  are often mistaken as other viral infections
• After flu-like symptoms disappear, the person
  enters the asymptomatic stage- a period of time
  during which a person infected with HIV has no
  symptoms
• Following the asymptomatic stage is the
  symptomatic stage- the stage in which a person
  infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a
  severe drop in immune cells
• During the latter stage of HIV infections, more
  serious symptoms appear until the infection meets
  the official definition of AIDS

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Lesson 4 (continued)

• Detecting HIV
• Individuals who think they may have been exposed
  to HIV should seek testing form a health care
  professional immediately
• EIA Test
• EIA- a test that screens for the presence of HIV
  antibodies in the blood
• Western Blot Test
• Western blot- or WB, is the most common
  confirmation test for HIV in the United States
• If done properly this test is 100 accurate

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Lesson 4 (still continued)

• HIV/AIDS- A Continuing Problem
• HIV is a fatal disease and has no cure
• At the end of 2002, an estimated 4 million people
  were infected with HIV/AIDS
• The statistic above means that HIV is now a
  pandemic- a global outbreak of infectious
  disease
• Abstinence and HIV/AIDS
• Avoid situations and events where drug use or the
  pressure to engage in sexual activity is likely
  to occur
• Practice refusal skills
• Choose relationships carefully

lesson 4 interactive study guide
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Bibliography

• www.mysexproblems.com/std.asp
• Glencoe Health book
• http//www.spunout.ie/uploads/images/condomkatje.j
  pg
• http//www.bidmc.harvard.edu/display.asp?leaf
  id8268