THE JAPANESE EMPIRE

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THE JAPANESE EMPIRE
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COMMODORE PERRY AND THE BLACK SHIPS

• US sends Commodore Matthew Perry and a small
  fleet to open Japan to trade and diplomatic
  relations
• In 1854.
• Creates tumultuous period of change in Japanese
  society

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MEIJI RESTORATION - 1868

• Young emperor takes over ends era of shoguns
• Embarks on rapid modernization of all facets of
  Japanese life.

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JAPANS MODELS FOR MODERNIZATION

• Emissaries sent out to West to find best ways to
  do things
• Britain navy
• U.S. factories and technology, education
• Germany government

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RAPID MODERNIZATION
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Looking for influence in China
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SINO-JAPANESE WAR - 1895

• Japan decisively defeats China gains concessions
  in Manchuria

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RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR - 1905

• Japan and Russia in conflict over influence in
  Korea and Manchuria. Japan claims Korea.

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RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR

• Japan launches a surprise attack on a Russian
  concession in Manchuria

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Battle of Tsushima Strait

• Japanese fleet destroys Russian Pacific fleet in
  two hours.

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JAPAN AND KOREA TAIWAN

• Japan makes Korea and Taiwan full colonies of its
  empire.

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TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH

• US President Theodore Roosevelt mediates.

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1920s RISE OF MILITARISM

• Japan feels cheated after World War I.
• New emperor Hirohito
• Rise of fanatic nationalists and military
  societies

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EMPEROR HIROHITO

• Fanatical loyalty to emperor

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AGGRESSION STEP 1 MANCHURIA 1931
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STEP 2 INVASION OF CHINA 1937

• Japan invades China begins conquest
• Greatly angers US.
• First step toward World War II in Asia.

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JAPANESE ATROCITIES

• RAPE OF NANJING

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GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE
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JAPAN AS AN AXIS POWER

• Joins Germany and Italy in 1938

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JAPANESE ATROCITIES UNIT 731
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(No Transcript)
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UNIT 731

• Cruel and barbaric medical experiments on Chinese
  prisoners and peasants
• Developed germ warfare weapons
• Doctors never punished

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LEADERS TOJO and YAMAMOTO
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WHY THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR?
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JAPANESE VICTORIES - 1942

• Surprise attack worked against Russia in 1905.
• Japan needed to neutralize American fleet in
  order to take over Southeast Asia with its
  resources.
• Philippines, Indochina, Indonesia, Malaya all
  fall.
• Singapore is worst defeat ever suffered by
  British Army. 150,000 prisoners taken by
  Japanese.

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TURNING POINT BATTLE OF MIDWAY
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AMERICAN BOMBING

• All but four major Japanese cities bombed, incl.
  Tokyo. Many are fire-bombed, many civilians
  killed.
• Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki finally
  forces unconditional surrender of Japan
• Reluctance to surrender unconditionally for fear
  of losing emperor, also loyalty and honor.

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EFFECT ON JAPANS PSYHOLOGY