Empire and Expansion

1
Chapter 27

• Empire and Expansion

2
America Turns Outward 1

• After the civil war to about the 1880s ,the US
  was vary withdrawn form the outside world, then
  the 1890s came and the rise in manufacturing
  ,exports ,wealth and power lead them to use over
  sea markets to sell there goods
• The Yellow press of Joseph Pulitzer and
  William Hearst influenced oversea expansion by
  describing exploits as manly adventures that
  young boys dreamt of.
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
• Americas interest showed up in many different
  ways, James blain brought more attention to his
  big sister policy. He wanted better relations
  with Latin America. His efforts brought about
  some results ,in 1889 he presided over the first
  pan American conference.
• Even thought America was done fighting with
  itself didnt mean it was done fighting with
  everyone else ,they almost went to war with
  Germany over the Samoan islands, where both
  wanted to build naval bases ,then a feud was
  started between Italy and the US when 11 Italians
  where lynched in New Orleans ,and the US and
  Chile almost went to war when 2 American sailors
  where killed at Valparaiso in 1892

3
Spurning the Hawaiian Pear

• Hawaii was well liked by America ,the islands
  were used as a provisioning point for Yankee
  shippers, sailors and whalers.
• In 1820 the first missionaries came to the island
  to preach of there god
• Hawaii became an increasingly important sugar
  producer
• Treaties where signed in 1875 and 1887 that let
  them have commercial trade gave the US pearl
  harbor
• Then in 1890 the McKinley tariff raised the price
  of sugar, the US wanted to offset this so they
  annexed Hawaii, this move was opposed by the
  queen then in 1893 Americans in Hawaii revolted
  which seemed to make Hawaii reedy for annexation

4
Cubans Rise in Revolt

• In 1895 Cuba revolted against Spain by burning
  there cane fields , sugar mills and dynamiting
  passenger trains
• America had an investment stake of about 50
  million and a trade stake of 100 million and it
  was all put at risk by the revolt
• A Spanish general named butcher weyler came
  and the situation worsened , he put civilians in
  reconcentration camps to stop them from assisting
  rebels but the camps where unsanitary and many
  died from disease
• Hearst from yellow press sent the artist Fredric
  Remington to sketch scenes of Cuba most of which
  were fictional
• On Feb 15 the U.S.S Maine exploded in Havana
  harbor, America thought it was Spain which lead
  them to attach ,turns out it was just an
  accidental explosion that blew up the ship
• The American public wanted war, War with Spain
  seemed inevitable, if war wasnt started the
  republican party and America would be split

5
Cuba revolt continued

• 3 decades after civil war US comes together to
  release innocent Cuba from her chains of bondage
  to Spain

6
Deweys May Day Victory at Manila

• Spain had an advantage they had more men and
  better arms supposable .
• Feb. 25 1898 Roosevelt sent commands to take
  cover the Philippines, He completely took the
  island from the Spanish.
• German navy ignored American blockade
  regulations. Dewey made threats of war. Nothing
  came of it, because of British assistants.
• July 7 1898 U.S. annexed Hawaii so they could use
  the islands to support Dewey supposedly.

7
The Confused Invasion of Cuba

• Spanish sent war ships to Cuba, this panicked
  Americans. the fleet commanded by admiral Cervera
  hid in Santiago harbor in Cuba. Better American
  forces came and blockaded the harbor.
• The rough riders rushed to Cuba and battled at el
  Caney.
• American army, whose general was Nelson Miles met
  little to no resistance when taking over Puerto
  Rico
• Aug 12 1898 spain signed an armistice

8
Americas course (curse?) of Empire

• Negotiations led to America getting Guam and
  Puerto Rico and freeing Cuba.
• McKinley decided to keep the Philippines, the US
  paid 20 million for the islands. Filipinos wanted
  freedom they saw it was un-American for them to
  not be given it.
• Expansionist wanted the Philippines to be the
  next Hong-Kong, the senate wanted to rid
  themselves of the Philippines so the treaty was
  passed

9
Perplexities in Puerto Rico Cuba

• New horizons in two Hemispheres
• The Spanish-American war was very short only
  lasting a 113 days
• The war helped USs north and south come together
  again

• Us transformed Puerto Rico.
• Supreme court let congress do what ever they
  wanted with Puerto Rico and Cuba. They were able
  to do this by saying that the residents didnt
  have the same rights as Americans
• Us encouraged Cuba to write the Platt amendment,
  this amendment said that the US could come in and
  restored order if anarchy occurred, US could
  trade with Cuba and the US could have two bay to
  use as naval bases

10
Little Brown Brothers in the Philippines

• Unlike the Cuban after the Spanish-American war
  who were freed the Filipinos were not, so they
  revolted against the US.
• It was started on Feb 4 1899 it was led by Emilio
  Aguinaldo but the rebellion was put out when US
  soldiers over took Aguinaldo.
• The Philippine commission was formed in 1899 it
  was later led by William Taft who became fond of
  the Filipinos, he was know to call them his
  little brown brothers

• William Howard Taft riding a carabao duringhis
  term as Governor General of the Philippines

11
Hinging the open door in China

• China was carved into spheres of influence by
  European powers.
• John Hay sent his famous open door note which
  asked European nations to keep fair competition
  open to all notions willing and wanting to
  participate this was later known as the open door
  policy.
• In 1900s a group called the boxers started
  boxers rebellion, they took the capital of
  China, Beijing.
• a multinational force stopped the rebellion.
• Later on John Hay asked that China not be carved
  up

12
Imperialists or Bryanism in 1900s?

• The brandisher of the big stick
• Roosevelt was the youngest president at that
  time, he was 45
• He was born into a wealthy new York family, he
  was a red blooded blue blood, he was partially
  educated in Europe and graduated from Harvard.
• He developed into a master politician
• He became the first modern president

• Bryan did most of the campaigning
• Roosevelt was more of an active campaigner and
  was known as the cowboy hero.

13
Building the panama canal

• The need of a canal through central America
  needed to be dealt with. There was a minor set
  back though, the Clayton-Bulwer treaty said that
  they needed to consent and help, but it was
  nullified in 1901
• US would buy a 6 mile wide strip of land in
  panama for 10 million but it was retracted by
  Colombian government who owned panama
• Roosevelt was mad he wanted the construction for
  the canal to begin before the 1904 campaign.
• Nov. 3 1903 revolution in panama began when a
  Chinese civilian and a donkey. Columbia tried to
  stop it but the US wouldnt let the fleet through
  after citing 1846 treaty.
• 1904 panama canal construction began. 1906
  Roosevelt visited panama he was the first
  president to leave the US.
• The canal was finished in 1914 it cost 400
  million

14
TRs Perversion of the Monroe Doctrine

• Roosevelt on the world stage
• In 1904 Japan attacked Russia, Japanese started
  to run short on men so they asked Roosevelt to
  facilitate a peace treaty
• Both Japan and Russia met in 1905 at New
  Hampshire. Roosevelt negotiated that Japan get
  half of Sakhalin.
• Due to the Japan-Russian incident America lost
  them as allies

• Venezuela and Dominican republic couldnt pay off
  their debts, so the brits and Germans sent a bit
  of force to south America to make them pay.
• Roosevelt didnt want them to violate the Monroe
  Doctrine so he said the US would handle
  interventions in S.A. on behalf of Europe

15
Japanese laborers in California

• After the war Japanese immigrants came into
  California.
• In 1906 San Francisco decreed, due to lack of
  space, the Asian children should attend a special
  school.
• To impress to Japanese Roosevelt sent his entire
  battle fleet around the world for tour
• The root-takahira agreement pledged the US and
  Japan to respect each others territorial
  possessions in pacific and to uphold the open
  door policy in china