Biology 121 Introduction - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 32
About This Presentation
Title:

Biology 121 Introduction

Description:

http://www.amazon.com/Life-Science-Biology-David-Sadava/dp/0716776715 ... 'Popular' science books and magazines. examples: Discover, Scientific American, Audubon. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:144
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 33
Provided by: MCBar
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Biology 121 Introduction


1
Biology 121 - Introduction
  • Biology website http//biology.missouristate.edu
  • Bio 121 lecture http//courses.missouristate.edu/
    ChrisBarnhart/Bio121/
  • Syllabus and course policy statement.
  • Textbook, lab manual

2
http//www.amazon.com/Life-Science-Biology-David-S
adava/dp/0716776715

3
Hierarchical organization of life
  • Subatomic particles
  • Atoms
  • Molecules
  • Organelles

Non-living Chemistry, Physics
Cells
Life Cell Biology, Physiology
4
Hierarchical organization of life, continued
  • Tissues
  • Organs organ systems
  • Organisms

Physiology, Organismal Biology
Populations species Communities Ecosystems
Evolutionary Biology Ecology
5
Levels of biological organization
Organism
6
Emergent properties
  • Each level of organization has new properties not
    present at lower levels

Reductionism
To understand a complex phenomenon, study it at
lower levels of the hierarchy.

7
Reductionism- example
  • Watson and Crick 1953
  • Structure of DNA
  • Genetics explained by chemistry physics

8
Definition of Life
  • Life is a property of organisms
  • Organisms are complex chemical systems
  • Possess intrinsic plan or program (genetic
    program). DNA, RNA

9
Definition of Life, continued
  • Homeostasis
  • Dynamic equilibrium
  • Maintained by regulatory mechanisms
  • Examples of homeostasis
  • Growth reproduction
  • increase in size
  • increase in number

10
Definition of Life, continued
  • Open systems require energy and materials from
    the environment.
  • Autotrophy
  • Heterotrophy
  • Responsiveness to the environment-movement, gene
    expression, and
  • Evolution

11
Some properties of life
Complexity, homeostasis, growth reproduction,
energy materials, responsiveness, evolution
12
Life vs. non-life
  • Crystals
  • Example sodium chloride, NaCl
  • Organized chemical structure, intrinsic pattern
  • Growth and reproduction

13
Life vs. non-life
  • Viruses
  • Complex biochemical structures derived from
    cells
  • Genetic information DNA, RNA
  • Produced by cells
  • Obligate parasites
  • Not alive. Why not?

14
Viral structure
15
Life vs. non-life
  • Cryptobiosis in brine shrimp

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
(No Transcript)
19
(No Transcript)
20
Sadava 1.1 recap
  • Cells
  • Evolution
  • Genetic information
  • extract energy and use it
  • Control internal environment
  • Interact with one another

21
Definition of Science
  • Scientific method a process for obtaining
    objective knowledge
  • Scientific literature the information gathered
    by this method

22
Scientific Method
  • 1. Ask question or make an observation
  • Propose hypothesis a possible answer or
    explanation that makes testable predictions.
  • Use hypothetico-deductive method to testing
    logical consequences of the hypothesis.
    Example what is the shape of the earth?

23
Inductive logic(specific to general)
Deductive logic(general to specific)
24
Scientific Method, continued
  • Important try to disprove hypotheses, not prove
    them.
  • Communicate results
  • Prepare detailed description of context, methods,
    results of the work
  • Verbal or poster reports at professional
    meetings
  • Submit manuscript to technical journal for
    peer-review publication

25
Scientific Method, continued
  • Peer review
  • Formal critique by other professional scientists
    precedes publication
  • Publication in the primary literature

26
Scientific Literature
  • Primary literature original research reports in
    technical journals
  • Journal is usually associated with a professional
    society, and/or a commercial publisher.
  • Peer-reviewed
  • Examples of journals Science (AAAS),
    Neuroscience, Conservation Biology, Copeia.
    There are thousands!

27
Scientific Literature, continued
  • Secondary literature
  • Review articles, textbooks
  • Popular science books and magazines examples
    Discover, Scientific American, Audubon.
  • Less well documented, editorial review vs. peer
    review
  • Derived from primary literature

28
Science as a way of knowing
  • Objective knowledge depends on the external
    world- not on internal conviction, faith or
    supernatural explanations
  • Subjective knowledge includes values, and
    morality- good and evil, beauty, love
  • Both subjective and objective knowledge are REAL
    and IMPORTANT!

29
Science as a way of knowing
  • Science deals only with objective (natural)
    knowledge
  • Science cannot make value judgements
  • Science cannot prove or disprove existence of
    supernatural (i.e. God)

30
Galileo Galilei 1564-1642.
  • First to use a telescope for astronomy.
  • Supported Copernicus heliocentric theory.
  • Aggressively promoted belief that man could
    learn truth from the natural world as well as
    from Scripture.
  • Convicted of heresy and imprisoned by religious
    authorities.
  • Formally pardoned by the Pope in 1992 (!)

31
Quotes from Galileo
  • "God equally admirably reveals himself to us in
    Nature's actions as in the Scripture's sacred
    dictions."
  • "I think that in the discussion of natural
    problems we ought not to begin at the authority
    of ...Scripture, but at sensible experiments and
    necessary demonstrations. For, from the Divine
    Word, the sacred Scripture and Nature doth alike
    proceed."

32
Albert Einstein on science religion
Science can only be created by those who are
thoroughly imbued with the aspiration toward
truth and understanding. This source of feeling
springs from the sphere of religion. To this
there also belongs the faith.that the world of
existence is rational, that is, comprehensible to
reason. I cannot conceive of a genuine scientist
without that profound faith. The situation may be
expressed by an image science without religion
is lame, religion without science is blind.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com