MONERA

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MONERA

• One-celled organism
• No nucleus
• Prokaryotic
• Smallest and simplest kind of living thing
• More monerans than any other kind of organism

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Bacteria

• Are microscopic, living cells
• Live almost everywhere
• Found in the air, in the foods you eat and drink,
  and on the surface of things you touch

• Your skin has over 100,000 bacteria per square
  centimenter
• Millions of other bacteria live in your body

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Blue-green bacteria

• Live in moist environments
• Use sunlight energy to produce food
• Have chlorophyll
• No chloroplasts

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Bacteria

• Live in many environments
• Obtain foods in a variety of ways
• 3 kinds of bacteria
• based on shape

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Cocci bacteria

• Sphere-shaped
• An example is bacteria that cause strep throat.

Staphyllococcus bacteria
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Bacilli bacteria

• Rod-shaped
• Certain bacteria that live in your stomach are
  bacilli bacteria

Deadly e.coli bacteria
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Spirilla bacteria

• Spiral shaped
• Best known cause serious disease

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Bacteria are smaller than plant or animal cells.
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Prokaryotic

• No membrane bound internal structures

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Structure of a bacterium
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Whats an endospore??

• A protective structure that forms inside a
  moneran cell during unfavorable conditions.

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Life Processes in Monerans

• Nutrition
• Reproduction

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How do Monerans obtain food?

• Make their own food by photosynthesis
• Use the energy in some chemical compounds to
  produce food
• Some cannot produce their own food
• (saprobe and parasite)

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SAPROBE

• Feeds on matter from dead organisms
• Feed on the waste product of organisms
• For example, the bacteria that feeds on sweat on
  your skin are saprophobes.

Ewwww!!!
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Hosts and Parasites
Host The one getting fed on.
Parasite The one that hurts the host on which
it feeds.
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Aerobe vs. Anaerobe
Im anaerobic..I dont need oxygen!!
Im aerobic and I need oxygen!!
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Reproduction

• Reproduction is by fission
• Fission is the simplest form of asexual
  reproduction by just one parent.

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Conjugation the process in which DNA passes
between two cells that join together.
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Bacteria is classified into two kingdoms

• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria

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EUBACTERIA
ARE THE LARGER OF THE TWO BACTERIAL KINGDOMS
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EUBACTERIA
Produce their own food and are commonly called
blue-green bacteria (THEY CONTAIN CHLOROPHYLL TO
M AKE THEM GREEN)
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EUBACTERIA
Sometimes they can be yellow, black, or red in
color.
Thats how the Red Sea got its name!!!
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Eubacteria Cyanobacteria

• Produce food and oxygen for aquatic life
• Too much though, and there are problems.
• Have you ever seen a pond that is covered with
  smelly, green, bubbly slime?

• When large amounts of nutrients enter a pond,
  cyanobacteria increase in number.
• Eventually the population gets so large that a
  bloom is produced.

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Eubacteria Cyanobacteria
A bloom looks like a slimy green mat.
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Eubacteria Cyanobacteria
Other aerobic bacteria eat dead cyanobacteria and
use up oxygen in water.
Cyanobacteria use up available resources and die.
No oxygen in the water fish and other organisms
die.
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Consumer Bacteria are grouped by cell wall
thickness or thinness.

• Important for medicine
• Some medicines will be more effective against the
  type of bacteria with thick walls vs. thinner.

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Archaebacteria
Bacteria in this group are the ones that live in
some of the toughest places to live.
The places that they live today are similar to
conditions found on Earth when it was first
formed- so scientists think these may be the
oldest types of bacteria!
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Some archaebacteria are found deep in the ocean!
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Finding Archaea The hot springs of Yellowstone
National Park, USA, were among the first places
Archaea were discovered. At left is Octopus
Spring, and at right is Obsidian Pool. Each pool
has slightly different mineral content,
temperature, salinity, etc., so different pools
may contain different communities of archaeans
and other microbes. The biologists pictured above
are immersing microscope slides in the boiling
pool onto which some archaeans might be captured
for study.
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Archaebacteria

• Live in salt water
• Live in acid
• Live deep in the ocean
• At temperatures above 100 degrees
• In muddy swamps
• In intestines of cattle
• Even in you!

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A. Coccoid single cells. B. Rod or bacillus. C.
Spirilla or spirilloid. D. Coccoid filamentous
streptococcus. E. Coccoid colonial
staphylococcus. F. Flagellate spirilloid
procaryote. G-I Examples of Cyanobacteria or
"blue-green algae" G. Anabaena, a filamentous
blue-green algal. Note the heterocysts,
specialized nitrogen-fixing cells. H.
Oscillatoria, a filamentous and mobile blue-green
algal. I. Gleocapsa, a colonial blue-green algal.