MEXICO Bienvenidos

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MEXICOBienvenidos!

• Melissa Beaver
• April Esguerra
• Toria Inglese
• Gabrielle Westmoreland
• Shelley Haney

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Estados Unidos Mexicanos
http//www.thenationalanthems.com/inninazionali/me
xico.mid 
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Geography

• 23 00 N, 102 00 W
• Capital Mexico City
• 1,972,550 sq km (1,225,684 sq miles) total area
• 3x the size of Texas
• 3rd largest country in Latin America

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The People

• Population of 104,959,594
• Average life expectancy 75 yrs.
• 89 Roman Catholic, 6 Protestant
• 31 14 years old or less
• Few ethnic groups
• Language
  mostly Spanish
• 92 literacy rate

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Topography

• Mountains, low coastal plains, plateaus, desert
• Lowest point Laguna Salada 10m (33ft) ,
  Highest point Volcan Pico de Orizaba
  5,700m (18,701ft)
• 4 major mountain ranges
• Lowlands along most coasts and Yucatan Peninsula
• High plateau interior

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Climate

• Wide range from tropical forest to desert
• Varied in altitude and latitude
• Mostly 2 seasons
• Low rainfall north and in interior
• Abundant rainfall along eastern coast, south, and
  Yucatan Peninsula

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Weather Events

• Tsunamis along Pacific coast
• Volcanoes and earthquakes central and south
• Hurricanes on the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean
  coasts

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The History of Mexico
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The Mayans2000 BC900 AD

• The Mayans lived in the rainforests of Mexico.
• A very intellectual civilization excelled in
  astronomy and math.
• Created a hieroglyphic style of writing, a number
  system, a calendar, and predicted eclipses and
  the lunar cycle.
• Known to be very violent, the Mayan civilization
  seems to have abruptly and mysteriously
  disappeared around 900 AD.

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1200 AD The rise of the Aztecs

• Also had their own writing.
• Two calendars the ritual year and the solar
  year.
• Human sacrifice was a major part of their
  religion.

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Fun facts about the Aztecs

• The Aztecs used poinsettia leaves to dye fabric
  and used the sap to cure fevers.
• They created a drink made with roasted cacao
  beans, water and chilies. Introduced to Spanish
  explorer Herman Cortes who changed the name to
  chocolate.

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The Spanish Conquest

• On April 21, 1519, Herman Cortes landed on the
  coast of Mexico.

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The Spanish Conquest

• Excited by gold and silver, Cortes and 550
  soldiers befriended the Tlaxcala and began their
  journey to Tenochtitlan and the emperor Moctezuma
  II.

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• In November of 1519, Cortes and his group of
  invaders reached Tenochitlan and took Moctezuma
  II captive.

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Spanish Conquest

• Meanwhile Spanish authorities were landing in
  Mexico to arrest Cortes for insubordination.
• In April 1520, Cortes returned from defeating the
  forces sent by the governor of Cuba to find 3,400
  Aztecs had been killed by one of his
  conquistadors.
• Moctezuma II was sent out to calm his jeering
  subjects and was hit by stones being throne. Two
  weeks later he died.

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La Noche Triste July 1, 1520

• Cuitlahauc (Moctezumas successor) attacked the
  conquistadores.
• The Spaniards and Tlaxcalans tried to slip away
  in the night.
• Hundreds of Spainards killed.
• Cortes escaped.

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The Aztecs Last Stand

• Cortes attacked once again.
• The Aztecs, now weakened by disease brought by
  the conquistadores, fought for 80 days.
• The Aztecs surrendered August 13, 1521.
• The Spaniards leveled the cities and destroyed
  the temples.

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The Colonial Era

• Cortes founded the Ciudad de Mexico on the ruins
  of Tenochtitlan and built a capital building with
  the rubble of Aztec pyramids.
• Missionaries begin coming to New Spain.
• Over 12,000 churches were built in Mexico during
  Spanish rule.

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Colonial Period

• Gold, silver and copper was plentiful in New
  Spain.
• By the end of the 18th century, New Spain was the
  richest of all of Spain's colonies.
• The French and American revolutions began to
  shake up the colonists of New Spain.

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Mexicos Independence

• September 16, 1810 El Grito (The Cry).
• Miguel Hidalgo y Costillo, a pastor of a church
  became a leader in the revolution.
• Long live religion! Long live our Lady of
  Guadalupe!...).

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The Battle of Calderon, 1811

• On the morning of Thursday, January 17, 80,000
  revolutionaries fought against Spain.
• Although they lost this particular battle, Mexico
  did gain independence 10 years later in 1821.

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Mexico Gains Independence

• Gualdalupe Victoria- The first president of
  Mexico 1824-1828.
• Vincente Guerrero- Mexicos second president 1829.

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The Mexican Revolution

• Tired of the ruling dictatorship, In March of
  1911, Emiliano Zapata led the uprising of
  peasants to claim their rights over local land.
• Revolts began happening in other parts of Mexico
  as well.
• Fancisco I. Madero was elected president by
  popular elections.

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The Zapatista Movement

• The Zapatista emerged at the same time as NAFTA
  came into being on January 1, 1994.
• Coming from the impoverished state of Chiapas,
  the Zapatistas begin to claim lands as their own
  stating that they have been being pushed of their
  land for over 500 years.

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Mexico City

• Mexico City is home to over 16 million people
• The high rate of pollution causes residents to
  have many various respiratory and eye problems.

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Migration

• Many Mexicans illegally cross the border to find
  a better life and work in the United States.
• Tijuana is the site that is crossed the most out
  of the 2000 mile border between Mexico and U.S.

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Mexicos Economy

• Free market economy
• agriculture
• industry
• Primarily dominated by the private sector
• State owned enterprises is dropping rapidly
• 1000 in 1982
• less than 200 in 1999

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Problems within the Economy

• Income distribution is very unequal
• top 20 of income earners account for 55 of all
  income
• Approximately 27 of the population is below the
  poverty line
• 2.5- Unemployment Rate

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The Work Force38.6 Million People

• 24 Agriculture
• 21 Industry
• 55 Service

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Industries

• food and beverages
• tobacco
• chemicals
• iron and steel
• petroleum
• mining
• textiles
• clothing
• motor vehicles
• tourism

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Agricultural Products

• corn
• wheat
• soybeans
• rice
• beans
• cotton
• coffee

• fruit
• tomatoes
• beef
• poultry
• dairy products
• wood products

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Imports

• metal-working machines
• steel mill products
• agricultural machinery
• electrical equipment
• car parts for assembly
• repair parts for motor vehicles, aircraft, and
  aircraft parts

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Import Partners

• US 74.8,
• Germany 3.8,
• Japan 3.5,
• Canada 1.9,
• South Korea 2,
• Italy 1.3,
• France 1

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Exports

• manufactured goods
• oil and oil products
• silver
• coffee
• cotton

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Export Partners

• US 89.3,
• Canada 1.7,
• Spain 0.6,
• Japan 0.5,
• Venezuela 0.3,
• Chile 0.3,
• Brazil 0.3

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CurrencyMexican Peso

• 1 American Dollar11.34 Mexican Pesos

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Mexican Shopping

• Pantene Pro-V Shampoo
• 4.00 American Dollars
• 45.37 Mexican Pesos

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Food

• Kelloggs Corn Flakes
• 3.50 American Dollars
• 39.36 Mexican Pesos

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Clothing

• Old Navy Blouse
• 20.00 American Dollars
• 226.85 Mexican Pesos

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Education in Mexico

• Mexico
• Primary - 6 years
• Junior High - 3 years (Secundaria)
• Senior High - 3 years (Preparatoria)
• University - 4 years

• United States/Canada
• Elementary - 6 years
• Junior High - 3 years
• Senior High - 3 to 4 years
• University - 4 years

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General Education Practices

• The educational base is deductive reasoning
  moving from the global towards the particular.
  However the last critical step of translating
  from the particular to application, or how to
  implement, is not emphasized.
• The Mexican student is drilled in concepts and
  ideas.
• Credit is given for examinations, not
  participation or class work.
• The student learns to focus on the intellectual
  and on recall, rather than how to use the
  knowledge on a day to day basis.

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More on Education

• Education is required from age 6 through age 15
  (age 5 added in 2004)
• Socio-economic divisions exist within schools.
• Instruction is in Spanish.
• Classes are held from August
• through January.

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Mexican Food

• Four national staple foods
• Corn
• Tortillas (corn or wheat)
• Beans (Frijolis)
• Chili peppers

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Mexican Food Influences

• Native American
• Corn
• Beans
• Chillies
• Sweet potatoes
• Native fruits and vegetables
• Cocoa

• Spanish and Moorish
• Rice
• Spices
• Wheat
• Cheese
• Milk
• Livestock

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Languages of Mexico

• National language is Spanish
• Differs from Casilian Spanish in two respects
• Lisp
• Use of indigenous words

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Languages of Mexico

• Indigenous languages
• 2nd largest number of languages
• 62 different indigenous languages
• Top three indigenous languages
• Náhuatl 2,563,000
• Maya 1,490,000
• Zapoteco o Diidzaj 785,000

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Religions of Mexico

• History of religion
• Native American religions
• 40,000 B.C.1519 A.D
• Worship of many Gods
• Sacrifice of prisoners and the unworthy
• Great respect for the dead

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Religions

• 16TH-18TH century
• Arrival of Spanish missionaries
• Appearance of the Virgin Mary on Mt. Tepeyac, an
  Aztec shrine (Our Lady of Guadalupe)
• Catholicism became the prominent religion in
  1571. All other religions were banned
• Constitution of 1857 stated that all religions
  were allowed.
• Revision of the constitution in 1992 brought
  freedom of religions for all groups.

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Todays Religion

• Roman Catholic 89
• Protestant 6
• Other Religions 5

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Our Lady of Guadalupe

• Patron saint of Mexico
• Appeared to an Aztec Indian and to Juan Diego
• Left her image on a piece of jute (a woven
  fabric)
• Represents the mixing of the Spanish and Aztec
  cultures.

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Our Lady of Guadalupe

• Represented on the current flag of Mexico
• Colors taken from the angels wings on the
  original image
• Represents the soul of Mexico

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Music of Mexico

• Music history
• Music revolves around the ceremonies of the
  Indians.
• Drums
• Flute
• Conch shell
• French Influence
• Mariachi bands

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Mariachi Bands

• Originated in Jaliso, Mexico
• Consists of two violins, harp, guitarron, and a
  guitara de golpe
• Mariachi music must come from the heart

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Dances of Mexico

• Mexican Hat Dance
• National folk dance
• Courting dance played at many parties and
  weddings
• Medley known as Jarabe, meaning sweet syrup

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La Charreria

• Mexican rodeo
• La Escaramuza Charra
• Ballet performed by the women
• Cada de Caballo (horse handling)
• Piale (Lassoing)

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Torear Bullfighting

• The first bullfight took place in Vera, Logrono
  in 1133 in honor of King Alfonso VIII

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Holidays in MexicoOfficial and Religious

• January 1- Ano nuevo or New Years Day
• February 5- Dia de la Constitucion or
  Constitution Day
• February 24- Dia de la Bandera or Flag Day
• March/ April- Semana Santa and Pascua or Holy
  Week and Easter

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Holidays in Mexico

• May 1- Dia de Trabajo or Labor Day
• May 5- Cinco de Mayo or fifth of May
• May 10- Dia de la Madre or Mothers Day
• September 16- Dia de la Independencia or
  Independence Day
• October 12- Dia de la Raza or Columbus Day

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Holidays in Mexico

• November 1st and 2nd- Dia de Los Muertos or Day
  of the Dead
• November 20- Dia de la Revolucion or Revolution
  Day
• December 12- January 6- Feliz Navidad or Merry
  Christmas

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Cinco de Mayo

• May 5, 1862
• Mexican victory over French at Puebla
• The battle
• Todays celebration in Mexico
• Widely celebrated in the United States

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Dia de la Independencia

• September 16, 1810
• Independence Day
• History
• The final decision
• The celebration
• The grito
• Viva Mexico

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Dia de Los Muertos

• November 1st and 2nd
• All Saints Day and All Souls Day
• Festivities
• Food and drink
• Personal belongings
• Symbols
• Flowers
• Candles

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Feliz Navidad

• Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe
• December 12
• Pilgrimage to Mexico City
• Mother of all Mexicans
• Las Posadas
• December 16
• Joseph and Mary
• 9 posadas
• pinata

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Feliz Navidad

• Noche Buena
• December 24
• Family day
• Navidad
• December 25
• Los Reyes Magos
• January 5-6
• The three kings

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Local CustomsFor Visitors

• In all courteousness
• In a group
• In a restaurant
• In a hotel

• In Public
• In social situations
• In someones home
• In general

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Standards

• Social Studies 2nd Grade
• Goal 3 The learner will analyze how
  individuals, families, and communities are alike
  and different.
• National Geography Standards
• Goal 1 Know and understand how to use maps and
  other geographic representations, tools, and
  technologies to acquire, process, and report
  information from a spatial perspective.
• Goal 4 Know and understand the physical and
  human characteristics of places.

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Internet Resources

• www.mexonline.com
• www.inside-mexico.com
• www.peoplesguide.com
• www.trace-sc.com
• www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/mx.html
  
• www.elbalero.gob.mx/index_kids.html
• www.unesco.org/iau/cd-data/mx.rtfwww.mexconnect.co
  m/mex_/educomp.html
• www.pbs.org/sixbillion/mexico/mexico.html
• www.mexico-english.com/
• www.mexicopeopleandcrafts.com/webpages/magazine/re
  ligion/guadalupe.htm
• www.ncccusa.org/friend/religionmex.html
• www.thenationalanthems.com/inninazionali/mexico.mi
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• www.abacci.com/atlas/country.asp?countryID266
• www.x-rates.com/calculator.html
• www.unesco.org/iau/cd-data/mx.rtf
• www.mexconnect.com/mex_/educomp.html
• lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/mxtoc.html
• http//www.mexconnect.com/mex_/musicmex.html
• http//www.partycentral.com/bands/mariachi/