PROTISTS

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PROTISTS

• United by their differences

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Traits of Protists

• Most single celled
• Some multicellular
• Some make their own food while others eat
  organisms or decaying matter
• Some can move and others cannot
• All protists are EUKARYOTIC have _?_
• Protists are not plants or animals!
• They do not have tissues like plants and animals

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Im Hungry

• In what ways do
• organisms get the food
• they need to survive?

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How do protists get food?

• Autotroph/Producer makes its own food using
  chlorophyll/photosynthesis
• Heterotroph/Consumer cannot make its own food,
  gets food from the environment by eating other
  organisms (bacteria, yeast, etc) or their remains
• Decomposer gets energy by breaking down dead
  organic matter
• Parasite Invades another organism to get the
  nutrients it needs
• Host Organism the parasite invades for
  food/shelter

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What is an example of one you already know?

• Autotroph
• Heterotroph
• Decomposer
• Parasite

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Remember, plants are producers
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Protist Producers
Seaweed

• Algae
• Use the Suns energy to make sugar
• Have green pigment chlorophyll, but also contain
  other pigments which give them different colors
  (red)
• Live in water
• Seaweed - Multicellular algae
• Live in more shallow waters along the shore
• Phytoplankton - Unicellular algae
• Free floating near the waters surface in all
  oceans
• Need microscope to see them
• Provide food for most other organisms in the
  water
• Produce much of the worlds oxygen

Phytoplankton
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Phytoplankton bloom in the Baltic Sea July 3,
2001
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Heterotrophs

• We are heterotrophs! We cant make our own food

Ameoba eating bacteria
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Decomposers

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Slime Molds

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Parasites

• Tapeworm often found in dogs intestines
• Leech blood sucking parasite

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Your Notes

• How do protists get food?
• Producer
• Ex Algae
• Seaweed
• Phytoplankton
• Heterotroph
• Decomposer
• Parasite
• Host

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How do protists reproduce?Three ways

• 1. Asexual Reproduction offspring come from
  just one parent so identical to parent
• Binary Fission Single celled protist divides
  into two cells
• Multiple Fission Single celled protist divides
  into many single celled protists identical to the
  parent

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What is Malaria?

• Means bad air in Italian
• Leading cause of illness and death worldwide
• 300-500 million people become sick each year
• One child dies every 40 seconds
• Provides us with an example of a unique life
  cycle of a protozoan for multiple fission

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• SYMPTOMS
• First Flu like
• 2 weeks after bite
• cold/chills
• temperature rises
• drenching sweat
• Person then feels well 24-48 hours later
• But wait it all happens again!

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Treatment

• Seek medical attention
• immediately when symptoms appear
• Treatment depends on the situation
• Adult, child, or pregnant woman
• Degree of malaria
• Mild oral medications
• Severe (organ failure, coma, seizures,
  bleeding) intravenous (IV) drug treatments

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• Name some of the cycles you have studied in
  school.
• What do illustrations of these cycles look like?
  How are they drawn?

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With Arrows!
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Life Cycle of Malaria
Releasing more infectious forms that move to the
mosquitos salivary glands.
Mosquito bites victim releasing infection
Infectious form of parasite is injected by
mosquito migrates to the liver through the
bloodstream
Resulting cell is able to multiply asexually
Infection multiplies, liver cells become
infected, rupture, and release infection into
blood
Fertilization takes place in the mosquito
RBCs become infected, rupture, infect more RBCs
Infection is released in mosquitos digestive
tract
Unifected mosquito injests infection with blood
meal
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How do protists reproduce?

• 2. Sexual Reproduction offspring a product of
  two parents
• Conjugation two individuals join and exchange
  genetic material before dividing into 4 protists
  with new mixtures of genetic material

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How do protists reproduce? 3. SPORES

• Form from slime molds when environmental
  conditions are stressful
• Small reproductive cells covered by a cell wall
  survive w/o food or water
• When conditions improve, form new slime molds

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Your Notes

• How do protists reproduce?
• Asexual Reproduction
• Binary Fission
• Multiple Fission
• Ex Malaria
• Sexual Reproduction
• Conjugation
• Spores
• Ex Slime Mold

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How do protists move?

• Cilia - Microscopic hair like projections that
  beat back and forth (60xsec) in unison to bring
  move of the organism
• Flagella - A long, threadlike/whiplike extension
  of certain cells or unicellular organisms, found
  alone or in in pairs.
• Pseudopods - A temporary projection of the
  cytoplasm of certain cells

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1. _____
2. _____
3. _____

• Identify the images
• Cilia
• Pseudopods
• Flagella

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Protozoans

• Name given to mobile, heterotrophic protists
• Translate please
• Protists that can move around in search of
  food.

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Types of Protozoans?

• Make a list of the protists you are familiar
  with
• Common answers
• ameoba, euglena, paramecium, volvox

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Your Notes

• How do protozoans move?
• Cilia
• Paramecium
• Flagella
• Euglena
• Pseudopodia
• Amoeba

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Amoeba

• Soft, jellylike protozoan
• 1. Where do they live?
• Fresh/salt water, soil and as
• a parasite in animals
• 2. How do they move?
• Pseudopodia or false feet allow the amoeba to
  move around
• Stretches foot out from cell and then the
• cytoplasm flows in

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Amoeba

• 3. How/what do they eat?
• Surrounds its food (bacteria
• or small protists) with
• pseudopodia and forms a
• food vacuole where food is
• digested
• How do they reproduce?
• Binary Fission
• VIDEO CLIP - http//player.discoveryeducation.com/
  index.cfm?guidAssetIdC956E650-D464-4356-98A7-1B6B
  077A7331blnFromSearch1productcodeUS

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Draw the image of the amoeba below
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Ciliates Ex Paramecium

• 1. Where do they live?
• Water (lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, and
  puddles)
• Some can even live in the bodies of animals or
  in moist soil.
• 2. How do they move?
• Cilia beat back and forth to propel the
  paramecium forward

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Paramecium

• How/what do they eat?
• - They sweep food (algae, bacteria, other
• protozoans, dead plants or animal matter)
• toward oral groove and then its broken down
• in a vacuole to be digested.
• 4. How do they reproduce?
• Binary Fission or
• Sexual Reproduction

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Paramecium have

• An anal pore to remove waste
• A contractile vacuole to pump out excess water
• Two nuclei
• Macronucleus functions of the cell
• Micronucleus passes genes to another paramecium
  during sexual reproduction

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More Ciliates

• A closeup of Scyphidia physarum attached to the
  freshwater snail Physa fontinalis
• Amphileptus carchesii), feeding on the colonial
  peritrich Carchesium polypinum. Isolated sludge
  sewage treatment plant, UK.

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Draw and label the parts of the paramecium below.

• Cilia
• Oral Groove
• Contractile
• Vacuole

• Micronucleus
• Macronucleus
• Cell Membrane

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Euglena

• 1. Where do they live?
• Most live in fresh water
• 2. How do they move?
• Wiggle their bodies and use flagella to move in
  water. Use their eyespot to sense where light is
  and move towards it.

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Euglena

• 3. How/what do they eat?
• Most are producers (autotrophic),
• but when theres not light, they
• can become heterotrophic and
• move around in search of food
• Some dont have chlorophyll consumers/decomposer
  s full time
• So diverse so dont fit one group
• How do they reproduce?
• Binary Fission

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Draw and label the parts of the euglena below.

• Flagella
• Eyespot
• Nucleus
• Chloroplast
• Cell membrane

• Nucleolus
• Contractile Vacuole

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Volvox

• Where do they live?
• Ponds,ditches, and even in shallow rain puddles
• A green alga that grows in round colonies made of
  hundreds/thousands of
• Individual cells that live in a group
• How do they move?
• All of the cells have two
• flagella and an eyespot. They
• use the flagella to propel the
• hollow sphere through water
• towards light.

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VOLVOX

• How/what do they eat?
• Producer - contains chloroplasts
• Green color/photosynthesis
• How do they reproduce?
• Asexual Reproduction some cells in
• the sphere go through binary fission to
• create daughter colonies
• Sexual Reproduction Male colonies
• release sperm and the cells of the female
• colonies become eggs to be fertilized.
• Consist of hundreds of cells may have been
• predecessor of todays multi-cellular organisms

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• Just a few others

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Zooflagellate

• Flagella whip-like to move
• Some are parasties
• Giardia lamblia in digestive tract
• Get it from drinking bad water
• Trichonympha lives symbiotically inside termites
  digests cellulose
• Mutualism organisms live closely together and
  benefit from the relationship

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Diatoms

• Single celled
• Salt/fresh water
• Photosynthesis large of phytoplankton
• Cell walls contain silica glasslike

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Dinoflagellates

• Single celled
• Mostly found in salt water
• Two flagella whip for movement
• Causes them to spin through the water

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Video Clips

• United Streaming
• Life in a Drop of Water amoeba/paramecium/fiss
  ion/conjugation
• The World of the Protozoa volvox/colonies