The French Revolution and Napolйon

1
The French Revolutionand Napoléon
CHAPTER 21

• Section 1 The Roots of Revolution
• Section 2 The French Revolution
• Section 3 The French Republic
• Section 4 The Napoléonic Era
• Section 5 A Return to Peace

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Bellwork Trivia
Section 1
The Roots of Revolution

• Page 511
• 1-3

• January 7th, 1789
• The first U.S. Presidential election is held,
  only white men with property were allowed to vote.

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The Old Regime
Section 1
The Roots of Revolution

• The privileged estates
• First Estate was clergy of Roman Catholic Church
• Less then 1 of French Population
• Owned 15 of French Land
• Collected Rent, taxes and fees from Land
• Second Estate was nobility
• Less then 2 of French population
• Held highest positions in Government and Army
• Paid few if any taxes, collected dues from
  peasants

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• The Third estate The rest of French Population
• 97
• bourgeoisie (urban middle class)-merchants,
  manufacturers, professional people such as
  Doctors and Lawyers
• city workers-
• Artisans-
• rural peasants-Largest group, poorest group

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Growing Discontent
Section 1
The Roots of Revolution

• Increased population and cost of living
• Families had more children, needed more money to
  live
• Higher estates raised rents and fees
• Bourgeoisie wanted liberty and equality
• Had gained strength and prosperity

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The Financial Crisis
Section 1
The Roots of Revolution

• Assistance to United States during American
  Revolution led to Frances increased debts
• 59 Year reign of Louis XV, he was faced with
  debts inherited from Louis the XIV
• Louis XVI tried to raise taxes, hoped a meeting
  of all three estates would approve new taxes
• Married Marie-Antoinette, daughter of Austrian
  ruler, Maria Theresa
• Banks refused to loan French government more
  money

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The Meeting of the Estates General
Section 1
The Roots of Revolution

• The three estates had previously met separately
• Third Estate wanted representatives to vote as
  individuals

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Assignments

• Worksheet 21.1-21.2
• Read Sections 1 and 2
• Be prepared for quiz

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Bellwork
Section 2
The French Revolution

• Page 516
• 1, 2, 4
• Page 522
• 4

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The Spread of the Revolution
Section 2
The French Revolution

• During the meeting of the Estates General, King
  Louis XVI moved troops into position to drive out
  the Assembly
• Parisians took action against the Army
• Capture of Bastille prison, looted for weapons
  and destroyed the Bastille
• General Lafayette formed the National Guard
• Flag of Red, White, Blue
• Peasants developed Great Fear,
• Fear that the Nobles would try to end the
  Revolution by crushing the peasants
• Peasants attacked local manor houses, destroyed
  documents recording rents, dues, and obligations.

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The End of the Old Regime
Section 2
The French Revolution

• Tried to end violence by ending feudalism,
  outlawing tithes, canceling dues and services of
  peasants
• The Declaration of the Rights of Man basic
  human rights and political powers, applied to men
  only
• Men are born equal, freedom of speech, press, and
  religion
• All men have right to public office, right of
  fair trial
• Liberty, equality, fraternity
• Émigrés and royalists forced Louis XVI and
  family to return to Paris, supported the Old
  Regime

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The Constitution of 1791
Section 2
The French Revolution

• Limited powers of king
• Divided government into three branches
  executive, legislative, and judicial

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The Legislative Assembly and War
Section 2
The French Revolution

• Executive branch was weak
• Legislature was inexperienced divided into
  conservatives, radicals, and moderates
• Legislative Assembly united to wage war on
  Austria

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The End of the Monarchy
Section 2
The French Revolution

• Louis XVI plotted with foreign powers to
  overthrow Constitution of 1791
• Legislative Assembly ended the Monarchy
• National Convention drew up new constitution

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The National Convention
Section 3
The French Republic

• Universal manhood suffrage every adult male
  could vote
• Three main groups
• Girondins- Republicans that fear Paris would
  dominate France
• Jacobins-supported the dominance of France by
  Paris
• and delegates who had no definite views

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Exporting the Revolution
Section 3
The French Republic

• France was being invaded by an alliance of Great
  Britian, the Netherlands, Spain, Sardinia,
  Austria, and Prussia
• Committee of Public Safety
• adopted conscription a draft
• All unmarried, able-bodied men between 18-25 were
  subject to Military service
• Opposition European monarchs formed an alliance
  against France.
• Counterrevolutionary armies developed and fought
  the revolutionary army

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The Reign of Terror
Section 3
The French Republic

• Reign of Terror- Sept 1793- July 1794
• National Convention worked to suppress all
  opposition and revolts within France
• Evolutionary Tribunal tried to suppress all
  opposition and revolts within France
• Punished and executed those that were part of or
  believed to be part of the counterrevolution

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Work of the National Convention
Section 3
The French Republic

• Abolished slavery
• Planned public education
• Adopted metric system

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The Directory
Section 3
The French Republic

• Governed by five individuals from the
  governments executive branch
• Eliminated universal manhood suffrage
• Weak, corrupt rulers

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Assignments

• Quiz 21.2
• Read sections 3 and 4 (517-528)
• Worksheet 21.3 21.4

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Bellwork
The Napoléonic Era

• Page 528
• 1 4

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Napoléon Bonaparte
Section 3
The French Republic

• Born in 1769 on the French Island of Corsica,
  attended Military school in France, stood only
  52
• By age 26 he was already a General
• Married a leader of French society, Josephine de
  Beauharnais
• Rise of Napoléon strong military leader, gained
  control of all northern Italy for France
• Napoléon takes power coup détat due to
  unstable government
• Used force to over take power

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Napoléon as Dictator
Section 4
The Napoléonic Era

• The Consulate Napoléon gave himself unlimited
  power-Dictator
• 1799-1814 Napoleonic Era or Age of Napoleon
• First five years were called The Consulate
• He wrote a new constitution and put it to the
  people to vote, which was approved by the people
• Accomplishments in government
• Napoléonic Code
• Bank of France
• public education-high schools, universities,
  technical schools
• Concordat-agreement with the Pope of Roman
  Catholic Church-acknowledged that most of France
  was catholic, but allowed religious freedom

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Napoléon as Emperor
Section 4
The Napoléonic Era

• French people voted to become an empire
• Napoléon crowned himself
• Power permanent and hereditary
• Defeated Austria and Russia
• Blockade of British Isles

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The Reorganization of Europe
Section 4
The Napoléonic Era

• Increased nationalism Napoléon placed members
  of his own family as monarchs of countries he
  conquered loyalty and patriotism
• The Peninsular War Spanish and Portuguese
  revolt against French rule
• Drove Napoleons family out of rule in Spain

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Catastrophe in Russia
Section 4
The Napoléonic Era

• Upset that Russia was trading with Great Brittan,
  though they were allies with France
• The Grand Army of 600,000 marched to Russia,
  but were defeated through lack of proper housing
  and supplies, scorched earth
• Russian winter was coming so the retreated
• Final defeat Western European countries allied
  against France and Napoleon
• Restored the Monarchy to Louis XVIII

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The Hundred Days
Section 4
The Napoléonic Era

• During 1814 and early 1815 Napoleon escaped exile
  in Elba and returned to France
• King sent army to capture Napoleon
• Napoleon convinced them to join him against king
• Napoléon led this army into France drove out the
  King and ruled for one hundred days until
  Britain, Prussia, and Netherlands were victorious
  and forced him into exile

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Bellwork
Section 5
A Return to Peace

• Page 533
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• January 15, 1992
• Tim Berners-Lee (who invented the world wide web)
  released the first web browser software.

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The Congress of Vienna
Section 5
A Return to Peace

• The principles of the Congress of Vienna, Austria
• Restore order, avoid further rebellions against
  monarchy, keep peace, suppress possible
  revolutions
• Met to achieve stability in Europe and settle
  Territorial questions
• Compensation-the countries that had suffered the
  most at the hands of Napoleon had to be paid back
• balance of power-had to be restored to Europe so
  that no country became to powerful
• Legitimacy-all former ruling families should be
  restored to their thrones

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Reactionary Alliances
Section 5
A Return to Peace

• Oppose change and try to undo change.
• Restored balance of power
• Emphasized conservative view to prevent revolution

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The Age of Metternich
Section 5
A Return to Peace

• Prince Metternich-a reactionary who believed in
  absolute monarchy.
• Used Secret police and Military suppression to
  stop liberalism
• Liberalism-Extended the ideas of the American and
  French Revolution. Individual rights and rule of
  law
• Metternich suppressed freedoms such as press and
  speech