Microskills Hierarchy

1
Microskills Hierarchy

• Five-stage interview structure
• Reflection of feeling
• Encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
• Client observation skills
• Open and closed questions
• Attending behavior
• Ethics and multicultural competence

2
The Ivey Taxonomy

• Anticipating the results of skill useage

3
First Sections of Taxonomy

• Ethics Multicultural competence
• Attending Behaviors
• Basic Listening Sequence

4
Ethics Multicultural Competence

• Present in all interviews
• Expected Outcome
• Clients learn, appreciate, respect your knowledge

5
Attending Behaviors

• Individually culturally appropriate visuals,
  vocals, verbals, and body language
• Expected outcome
• Clients talk more freely respond openly
  especially about topics to which attention is
  given (selective attention)

6
Basic Listening Sequence

• Open and closed questions
• Observation
• Encouraging
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing

7
Open and closed questions

• Open begin with who, what, when, where and why
• Closed begin with is, and are
• Expected Outcome
• Open more detail
• Closed more specific
• Both more talk

8
Observation

• Observing self and other
• Verbals nonverbals plus discrepancies
  incongruities
• Expected Outcome
• Use as foundation for when to apply microskills

9
Encouraging

• Verbal (repeat key words) and nonverbal (head
  nods) to support continued talking
• Expected outcome
• Topics are elaborated

10
Paraphrasing

• Feed back a shortened version of what client said
• Expected outcome
• clients feel heard
• Further information given
• If inaccurate, allows corrective feedback

11
Summarizing

• Longer time span than paraphrase
• Attention to feelings
• Expected outcome
• Helps integrate thoughts, feelings, behaviors
• More centered discussion

12
Reflection of feeling

• Identify key emotions feedback to clarify
  affective experience
• Expected outcome
• Helpees go more deeply into feelings

13
Empathic Understanding

• The listening skills presented thus far form the
  behavioral basis on empathy.
• The qualitative dimensions such as concreteness,
  immediacy, and nonjudgmental attitude are also
  important.

14
Levels of Empathy

• Basic empathy responses roughly interchangeable
  with those of helpee (level 3, 4, 5 on rating
  scale)
• Additive empathy adds to helpee statement by
  going beyond what is said to what is implied
  (level 6, 7 on rating scale)

15
Positive Regard

• Responding to the clients as worthy human being
• Being nonjudgmental

16
Respect and Warmth

• Kinesthetic and nonverbal behaviors that
  demonstrate value to the client

17
Concreteness

• Specific
• Thoughts
• Feelings
• Examples of actions

18
Immediacy

• Being in the moment
• Here and now
• NOT there and then
• Use present tense

19
Nonjudgmental Attitude

• Operating from a values neutral position
• Not imposing ones own values on client
• Change is unlikely without trust

20
Authenticity and Congruence

• Are you who you say you are?

21
Five Stages of Interview

• Initiating
• Gathering Data
• Mutual Goal Setting
• Exploring Alternatives, Confronting Incongruities
• Terminating

22
Initiating the Session

• Rapport and Structuring
• Expected Outcome
• The client will feel at ease and know what to
  expect.

23
Gathering Data

• Drawing out stories, concerns, problems, or
  issues
• Expected Consequence
• The client will share thoughts, feelings, and
  behavior. With the positive asset search, the
  client will also be expected to share strengths
  and resources that may be available for the
  problem.

24
Mutual Goal Setting

• What do you want to work on today? / What do you
  want to happen?
• Expected Consequence
• The client will discuss directions in which he or
  she might want to go, new ways of thinking,
  desired feeling states, and behaviors that might
  change. A more ideal story ending might be
  defined.

25
Working

• Exploring Alternatives, Confronting
  Incongruities, restorying.
• Expected Consequence
• The client may reexamine individual goals in new
  ways and start the move toward new stories and
  action through confronting discrepancies, facing
  new challenges, and experiencing a variety of
  influencing skills form the interviewer.

26
Terminating

• Generalizing and acting on new stories.
• Expected Consequence
• If all stages are completed successfully, expect
  the client to demonstrate change in behavior,
  thoughts, and feelings in daily life outside of
  the interview.