EO-1 Mission Continuity FY05 and Beyond

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EO-1 Mission ContinuityFY05 and Beyond

• Bryant Cramer Dan Mandl
• Stu Frye Stephen Ungar
• David Jacintho Joe Young
• 4 October 2004

2
Overview

• EO-1 Status
• Capabilities of EO-1 for backfilling Landsat-7
• Summary

3
EO-1 Status

• Enough funding on-hand to operate through January
  2005
• 3 month de-orbit to follow end of funding
• All systems nominal 11 kg fuel remaining
  (September 2004)
• EO-1 has enough fuel to follow Landsat-7 in
  formation through September 2005 and remain
  within de-orbiting guidelines
• NASA Orbital Debris Guidelines require lt 25 year
  re-entry
• Approx. 2 Kg used per Inclination Burn (delta-I)
  every October to stay on WRS grid
• Possible to continue formation flying within the
  morning constellation through September 2008 if
  granted orbital debris waiver
• Re-entry maximum 28 years if de-orbit maneuvers
  begin at the start of FY09 WAIVER OF 3 YEARS
  NEEDED

4
EO-1 Sensor Web

• Volcano Tilt meters, Kilauea, Mauna Loa
• USGS Hawaii volcano observatory

Rapid deflation is eruption precursor alert
generated
Fire rehabilitation
Fuel map
EO-1 responds to triggers and has onboard
triggers for snow, water, ice, land, thermal and
clouds
Ground MOPSS Mission Operations Planning and
Scheduling System(GSFC) SGM Science Goal
monitor(GSFC) ASPEN Planning scheduling
(JPL) EPOS Cloud screening (Draper)

• MODIS (Terra and Aqua) used to detect hot spots
  for fires, volcanoes. Also, used for flood
  detection
• MODVOLC
• RapidFire
• Dartmouth Flood Observatory

On-board ASE Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment
(JPL) Livingstone (Ames) Onboard diagnostic tool
flood
Volcano eruption detection assessment
Communication infrastructure Cellular based
architecture for spacecraft using phased array
antennas (GSFC,GRC,Ga Tech, Univ. of Colorado)
GOES used for cloud screening near real-time
Ice breakup
Users
Triggers
Onboard Ground Tools
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Applying Horizontal Sensor Data Fusion for
Southern California Wildfire Monitoring

• Assets used
• EO-1
• SPOT
• Aqua Terra (MODIS)
• Terra (ASTER)
• Landsat 5
• MASTER
• Aircraft (ER-2) based MODIS ASTER
• AirDas
• Airborne Infrared Disaster Assessment System

6
EO-1 Prospects for FY05

• Competing desires for EO-1
• Hyperspectral community related to homeland
  security
• Testbed activities
• Fill in for Landsat (option explored in following
  slides)
• Commercial sales revenue show continuing downward
  trend
• Slack support for hyperspectral research and
  applications work
• No long term commitment to fly EO-1
• NRO funding (if any) will probably be tied to
  science and product development work, not image
  acquisitions
• Implies no direct funding for continued
  operations
• NOAA funding available for image acquisitions,
  but no image requests are being made by NOAA
  scientists due to slack support for hyperspectral
  research and applications work
• No NGA support for operations funding anticipated
• Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE) and
  volcano sensor web activities to be wrapped up by
  February with no new follow-on activities
  anticipated

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Lifetime Data Analysis Summary

• All systems fully functional after essentially 4
  years on-orbit
• Single failure has been ALI solar calibration
  aperture door
• Infant mortalities are all behind us looking
  now at long term wear-out/ radiation dosage
  effects
• All life-limiting components have been analyzed
  by GSFC engineering and spacecraft manufacturer
• No indicators of degradation have been observed
• Based on Solar Array trend data, operations
  should remain power positive through 2008 before
  PSE parameter changes and/or operations scenarios
  would be affected
• Radiation tolerance limits for components reached
  after September 2008

We anticipate that fuel limitations will end the
mission in Sept 2008
8
Options to Backfill for Landsat-7

• One option is to maximize ALI imaging to support
  L-7 data needs (e.g., smaller swath size data
  orders)
• ALI swath-width 37KmETM swath width 185Km
• Reduce Hyperion/AC imaging to enable the maximum
  ALI acquisitions
• Reduce or eliminate testbed activities
• Two techniques are available
• Yaw steering in nadir non-pointing mode
• Captures one-fifth of L-7 path (long-duration
  images)
• 15 WRS rows can be recorded (WARP 48 Gbits
  capacity)
• Downlink at polar stations on successive
  orbits
• Pointing to fill in selected targets (current
  mode)
• Constrained to 2-3 rows due to band-to-band
  alignment issue
• Can acquire 25-30 pointing scenes per day
  (185Km length)

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Options (continued)

• In nadir yaw steering mode
• Periodically shift satellite nadir track to cover
  L-7 swath in 5 passes
• Can do table loads to point at different nadir
  track for period of time
• Includes splitting coverage so that nadir track
  could overlap edge of adjacent path to the flight
  path
• It would take 80 days to capture most of the
  continental U.S. (16 cycle days x 5 ALI swaths
  per path)
• Useable data will be reduced by clouds and
  available downlink bandwidth
• Combinations of operating modes possible
• Yaw steering mode for a few orbits
• Pointing mode for the rest of the day
• One strategy is to select tasking requests to
  match highly requested paid customer orders to
  the degree possible (see blue squares on next
  slide next slide)

10
Supporting Landsat-7

• Users ordering data through EDC have concentrated
  on the continental U.S. and a limited number of
  selected sites elsewhere
• A substantial number of L-7 users dont use the
  full 185Km swath width
• ALI has only a 37Km swath width
• Using ALI to systematically replicate the full
  swath width of L-7 is probably not an efficient
  use of EO-1
• We seek to define an ALI acquisition strategy
  that efficiently uses EO-1 to satisfy the largest
  number of EDC L-7 users by restricting collects
  to the Continental U.S. and selected targets
  overseas of special interest to the EDC user
  community

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Charts show count of L-7 paid orders from the EDC
archive for L-7 full swath WRS data for last two
years (courtesy USGS) (Note does not include
data orders directly downlinked to internationals)
ALI can gather most of blue squares every 80
days, but cannot fulfill all requirements for
global coverage refresh rate defined in Landsat
Long Term Plan
EO-1 cannot perform International Ground
Station Direct broadcasts
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ALI Coverage of CONUS
80 Day Repeat Cycle
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Landsat Supplemental Upgrades

• Flight and ground software upgrades to enable
  Landsat supplemental support
• Handling large ALI files on-board (GSFC 3-4
  months)
• Switching between nadir yaw steering and pointing
  modes (USGS TBS months)
• Flight Dynamics orbit data products (GSFC 3-4
  months)
• Ortho-rectified ALI level-1 processing code (USGS
  TBS months)
• Upgrade to user friendly interface (USGS TBS
  months)
• Cost shown in budget spreadsheet beginning in
  FY05 (back up slide)-Timing for when/if to
  implement upgrades needs discussion
• Not all of the USGS cost impacts are in the
  spreadsheet
• Increased service requirements to be negotiated
  with Ground Network management
• USGS agreement will need revision

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Financial Status

• GSFC Operations 3.8M per year plus USGS 285K
  augmentation
• Revenue for GSFC Operations currently supplied by
  NRO, NGA, NOAA, ST-6, and Volcano Sensor Web demo
  (to be completed by Feb 05)
• New costs of 805K incurred during FY04 for full
  cost coverage
• 626K full-cost coverage received from HQ Aug
  04 (Code Y-258 funds)
• Funding on-hand sufficient to continue through
  January 2005
• Additional 1.06M needed for de-orbit being held
  by NMP - De-orbit duration 3 months including
  preparation time burns accomplished in last 5
  weeks
• USGS/EDC costs 1.2M per year
• NASA contributed 0 in FY02, 110K in FY03 and
  240K in FY04
• EDC FY04 shortfall (305K) due to lowered scene
  price (lost 120K since January 2004 price
  reduction for imagery from 500 to 250 per
  scene) and increased bulk customer servicing
  costs
• USGS projects that FY05 costs will be 1.6
  million
• USGS is requesting an additional 720K/year if
  Landsat backfill option requires additional
  processing as described herein

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Summary

• EO-1 is fully functional after 4 years on-orbit
• Hydrazine will be depleted at the end of
  September 2008
• With a 3-year Waiver against the 25-year re-entry
  requirement the mission can be extended to the
  end of September 2008
• Life-Limiting components should work through
  September 2008
• EO-1 can usefully backfill Landsat-7 through
  September 2008
• Provide missing data
• Image specific targets
• Undertake full coverage of U.S. on an 80-day
  cycle
• The total cost to do this is about 6M/year minus
  whatever revenue comes from outside sources

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Summary

• Supporting Landsat-7 is likely a fulltime job and
  may well compromise continued exploitation of
  unique EO-1 capabilities as well as future EO-1
  revenue potential
• Intensively supporting Landsat-7 may be in the
  best interest of maintaining Landsat Data
  Continuity
• We need to decide by December 2004

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Back up
19
Short-term Budget Spreadsheet(Depletion of
Existing Funding - K)
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EO-1 Operations Cost Projection (K)
Notes (1) Costs do not reflect de-orbit costs
of 1060K at end of mission (2)
Assumes that GN and SN continue to provide passes
at no cost to project as in first 4 years of
Ops (3) FY01 was a partial year
since launch occurred Nov 2000 (4)
For this exercise, we did not make assumptions
for total s income from bulk customers
(5) FY 05 is funded to about January 2005,
therefore to complete FY 05 only requires
approximately 2738K
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EO-1 Instrument Overviews
Landsat 7
EO-1
EO-1
Parameters
ETM
ALI
HYPERION
AC
Spectral Range
0.4 - 2.4 µm

0.4 - 2.4 µm
0.4 - 2.5 µm
0.9 - 1.6 µm
Spatial Resolution
30 m
30 m
30 m
250 m
Swath Width
185 Km
37 Km
7.7 Km
185 Km
Spectral Resolution
Variable
Variable
10 nm

3 - 9 nm
Spectral Coverage
Discrete
Discrete
Continuous
Continuous
Pan Band Resolution
15 m
10 m
N/A
N/A
Number of Bands
7
10
220
256
Excludes thermal channel 35/55 cm-1
constant resolution
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Comparing ALI to Landsat 5 and Landsat 7
ETM Pan band GSD is 15m but IFOV is 18m
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Differences between ALI/ETM

• Band-to-band spatial alignment procedures (yaw
  steering compensations) may be made compatible
  with the Landsat product by resampling, but work
  needs to be done to develop algorithms
• Center wavelength (spectral) differences need
  work too
• The NIR band split on ALI (band 4 and 4) can be
  re-combined by post processing
• Spectral responses of other bands on ALI differ
  from those of ETM
• Level-0 ALI data may need to be degraded to match
  ETM
• ALI data has better S/N and higher order
  quantization (12-bit radiometric resolution
  versus 8-bit ETM)

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EO-1 and Landsat 7Descending Orbit Ground Tracks
Landsat 7 ETM
Landsat 7 ETM
N
(7.7 KM)
(37 KM)
(185 KM)
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EO-1 Off-Nadir and Landsat 7Descending Orbit
Ground Tracks
Landsat 7 ETM
N
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ALI Data Product Work To-Date

• Stitched together Level 1G developed by EDC uses
  EO-1 GPS telemetry to calculate lat/lon metadata
• Used by wildfire Burn Area Emergency Rehab map
  teams
• Additional work on co-registration with
  ortho-rectified Landsat product on-going
• Experimented with ALI to fill-in L-7 fringe data
  (abandoned)
• EO-1 is taking islands and coastlines for L-7
  supplemental
• 78 different sites/128 images captured
• ALI Image Assessment System development
  cross-support