????? Ayo ???

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??? ??????????

• ???
• ????? Ayo ???

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?1. ??????????????????

• ?????
• ???????????????????(???????????????)
• ?????
• ???(?????)????(?????)???(?????)
• ???????
• ????????????????????????????????????
• ?????
• ?????????????????????????????

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??????
?1. (A) ??,???????? (B) ?????????????? ???????????
???1,500????
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?1. ????????????
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?2. (A) ??????
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?2. (B) ?1,500??????,?????,????335oC?????????????
?2 (c) ??????????????15oC???????
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Essay ?????????

• ??Galapagos ??????,??????????????????
• ????????????,??????????? H2S,???H2O?
• ??????,???????????

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Essay ?????????
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??

• ?????????,???????????????(upwelling)?
• ?????????????????
• ??????????,??????????

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?????

• ?????????,?? ecotones?
• ???????????????????,???????????????????
• ??(estuary),????????????????????????????(nursery
  grounds)?

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?3. ????????????(A)??????????(B)?????
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?????
(D) ?????
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?4 (A) ??? (mangrove)
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(No Transcript)
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(No Transcript)
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?4 (B) ????
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(No Transcript)
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????????
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??

• River continuum
• ????????(P/R lt 1)
• ??? P/R 1? gt1
• ??,????,P/Rlt1
• Serial discontinuum
• ??????,?????????
• Hungry water ????

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?5. ????? (A) ??????????????,??????????,??????????
??,???????
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?5. (B) ??????????????
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?5. (C)?????????????????????
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?????

• Zonation
• Littoral zone (???)
• Limonitic zone (???)
• Profundal zone (???)
• Stratification
• ???(epilimnion)
• ???(thermocline)
• ???(hypolimnion)

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????
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???(eutrophication)

• ???
• ???
• ???????????(oligotropic)

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?6. ??????Francis Case?,???????????????????2???15?
???????
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????

• ?7. (A) ??????,??????????????

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?7. (B) ???,?????????????????
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?7(C) ???????,???????????
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?????

• ?????????????????????????????????,????????,??????
  ?(bogs)????(fens)??????????
• ??????????????,??????

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?????
??????
??
??
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Transect through a bog, showing zones of
vegetation, sphagnum mounds, peat deposits and
floating mats.
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(No Transcript)
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Marsh in Wisconsin is an outstanding example, an
ideal environment for wildlife.
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Swamp forest in Alabama
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Drainage of wetlands
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????200??? the loss of wetland
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????200??? the loss of wetland
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Value of wetlands

• 1. ????(hydrology)???
• ??????
• ???????
• 2. Water-filtration systems (?????)
• 3. ?????(????)????
• 4. ???????????????

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?9. ?????????????????,??????????,????????
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??????

• ??(??)
• ?????25??
• ????????,???????????
• ???????????(rain shadows)???
• ?11A?B

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?10.???????????????????????????
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?11(A) Arizona?????????
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?11(B) ?????????????????????
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??

• ??????????
• ??????,????????????
• ???Mojave ??,100???????,???????600??????????200???
  ????,?????????1,000???
• ?????Great Basin??,200???????,??????????????1,500?
  2,000???

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??(tundra)

• ???????,???????
• ???????????
• ?????????????(barren grounds)?
• ??????????????
• ???????????????????
• ?????????????????????????,???

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?12. (A)?????Point Barrow,?????,?????????????
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?12. ???????????????,?????????
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???

• ???(grasslands),?????????????
• ???,??????25?60?????
• C3????????,C4????????
• ??????????

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?13. ??? (A)???????????
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?13 (b) ?????????????
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?13 (C) ?????????
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?13. (D) ?????????
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??

• ???? ? ???
• ????
• ????

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?14. 9 (A) ?????? (??)?
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?14 (B) ??????
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?14 (C) ?????
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????

• ???????????????
• WorldWatch Paper 140
• ??????????????? ????????
• WorldWatch paper 141
• ??????????????
• World Watch Paper 142

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?15. (A) ???????
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?15 (B) ???????
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?16 (A) Chaparral ??????????????????
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?16 (C) ???????????????
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?17 ??Smoky?? ?????????????,???????
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??????????

• ????????????????????????
• ???????,????,?????
• ??????

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??????

• ????????????????????
• ??????????????
• 1833-1934,???????,?????????????????????????????
• 1934-1961,????????????,???,?????,?????
• ?1960???,???????,??????,?????????

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??? vs. ???? ??????

• ???????,?????????,???????
• ????????,???????????????

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??????????

• ?????????????
• ?????????????
• ?????????,???????
• ????,?2010?,????50?80??????????
• ???????,????????

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(No Transcript)
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• ?????!

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