TECNOLOGY IN THE HOSPITAL INDUSTRY

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TECNOLOGY IN THE HOSPITAL INDUSTRY
The integration and assimilation of technology
into the everyday life of health managers and
health professionals will inevitably become an
increasing reality.
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Group Members

• Kenya Barraza
• Brisa Bolanos
• Karla Garcia

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Table of Contents

• Introduction.. 4
• Systems for Admission, Discharge, Transfer.
  5
• Order Communication Systems.. 7
• Test Result Reporting. 9
• External Access to Multisource Data. 11
• Electronic Methods of Access and the Master
  Patient. 13
• Central Scheduling Systems.. 16
• Improvements in the Patient Care Telehealth..
  20
• Telnursing. 22
• Telemedicine 23
• Telepresence .. 23
• Telepractice . 24
• Robots in surgery 25-28
• Conclusion .. 29

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Telehealth, Telenursing, Telemedicine

• Information technology refers to a system
  utilized to retrieve, manage, process, and
  disseminate information by means of
  telecommunication.
• Telecommunication is the transmission of
  information from one site to another.
• Use of equipment to transmit information in the
  form of signs, signals, words, or pictures by
  cable, radio or other systems.

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Improving Patient Care by Information Systems

• SYSTEMS FOR ADMISSION, DISCHARGE, TRANSFER
• A patients entry into health care always
  involves registration at the providing facility.
• Registration information is needed by all care
  providers.
• It was this need that supported the development
  of registration systems as one of the first
  information systems (Iss) to be used in health
  care.

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• Systems for Admission, Discharge, Transfer
• Information collected through registration should
  be electronically transmitted to all user who
  need the data.
• Electronic transmittal assures that uniform data
  exist at all locations.
• Also, electronic transmittal decreases the risk
  of errors associated with duplicate data.
• Registration system assigns a unique identifier
  to all patients, which has been called the
  medical record number.
• To access patient records at different sites of
  care, users must have a way to link all medical
  record numbers within an enterprise to obtain a
  longitudinal record of care received by the
  patient.

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• Order Communication Systems
• Order communication systems automate the
  processing of clinical orders to the providing
  departments.
• Traditionally, order entry systems have been
  transcription based, which allow for clerical
  entry of physician order from paper charts.
• Support of clinical order entry through use of
  graphical user interface (GUI) orders.
• GUI uses pull-down menus, dialog boxes, pictures
  or icons, file folders, and other on-screen aids
  to allow user to navigate the system operations.
• GUI orders allow users to easily enter new orders
  or modify existing orders at any time, from any
  system function, during patient record review.

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• Orders Communication Systems
• When the order management system sends an order
  to an automated ancillary system, the order is
  electronically placed directly into the ancillary
  system, without intervention of department staff.
• Orders transmitted to ancillary departments that
  are not automated are usually sent via message to
  the department printer.
• The most commonly automated ancillary systems are
  laboratory, radiology, and pharmacy.

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• Test Result Reporting
• After tests are reported by the service
  department, the results should be made accessible
  to all system users.
• To facilitate review, results should be presented
  in results display and results storage.
• Results display Test results are accessible for
  on screen display.
• The list is usually presented in reverse
  chronological order.
• Results storage Results are stored in the
  systems database.
• Two ways of access to results by direct access
  into the source system or by query into the
  source system.

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Test Results Reporting Ancillary and clinical
system results can also be stored in a clinical
data repository. Use of a common data repository
for all clinical systems allows users to access
information from one location. Also eliminates
or decreases duplication of data entry, and
usually enhances performance.
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• External Access to Multisourced Data
• External access is generally less efficient.
• Often, institutions that have very effective
  internal IS s lack effective linkages to patient
  data at other sites of care.
• Hospital based caregivers can usually access
  results from any automated hospital based system.
• Older Methods of Access clinicians have
  compensated for a lack of access to patient
  information by phoning for the data and writing
  it down

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External Access to Multisourced Data This method
is less than desirable because it is time
consuming and holds considerable potential for
errors. With the proliferation of fax, which
provide clinicians with paper copies of patient
data from alternate sites of care, access to
information has improved. However, faxes still
present a problem, in that access requires that
the site be open when the information is
needed. When caregivers cannot access data, they
must determine if test results can wait or if
repeat testing is needed.
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Electronic Methods of Access and the Master
Patient Index The real value of collecting data
electronically is assuring access to all users at
the time of need. Access to records should be
available regardless of the location of the user
or the record. Preferred solutions for access to
multisourced data include the use of Data
repositories Which store data from multiple
systems and allow users, based on security
clearance, to access the data.
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Electronic Methods of Access and the Master
Patient Index Data repositoriesWhich store data
form multiple systems and allow users, based on
security clearance, to access the data. Networks
Which link computers with link computers within
the same general physical area, and wide area
networks which create links over large geographic
areas. Community health information networks
Which are clinical messaging networks that
provide patient data form multiple sites across
defined geographic areas. Master patient indexes
(MPIs) Which is a cross-referencing mechanism
for identification and access of patient data
from multiple sources. It supports health care
organizations with multiple and changing sources
of patient identification and registration.
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Electronic Methods of Access and the Master
Patient Index Common objectives for MPI
include a) Providing a fast, reliable,
thorough, enterprise wide patient search
capability. b) Assisting in the prevention of
duplicate patient entries in a network. c)
Detecting duplicate patient entries and providing
facilities for review and correction of these
exceptions. d) Accepting registration, case, and
member input from multiple sources. e)
Cross-referencing entries form multiple data
sources. f) Storing patient demographics,
insurance, and other data. g) Providing a source
for network wide unique patient identifiers.
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• Central Scheduling Systems
• It was developed to facilitate patient scheduling
  through one or more department within an
  institutions or an enterprise.
• Central scheduling departments schedule both
  inpatients and outpatients for exams, tests, and
  other procedures.
• Central scheduling systems give institutions a
  distinct competitive edge in the marketplace.
• Also place an increasingly important role in
  patient satisfaction outcomes.
• Central schedulers have access to identified
  department patient schedules and coordinate
  scheduling of patient test.
• At the same time, schedulers assure that exams
  are appropriately sequenced.
• In addition, that patients are expedited through
• multiple departments and/or facilities in the
• shortest time possible.

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• Central Scheduling Systems
• Patient have one stop scheduling and are assured
  that test are appropriately sequenced.
• Central scheduling department staff assures that
  patients receive appropriate instructions
  required for test.
• Some unique issues of a central scheduling
  systems include
• Departmental ownership and control of schedules
  Scheduling departments frequently believe that
  only the servicing department can appropriately
  schedule patients.

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• Central Scheduling Systems
• Staffing concerns When scheduling staff are
  centralized, participating departments need to
  contribute to the full-time equivalent component
  of the new centralized scheduling department.
• The goal of computerized patient records is to
  use automation to provide users concurrent data
  analysis, and appropriate warnings and alerts.
• Fully functional automated systems improve
  patient care, clinical outcomes, and caregiver
  productivity.

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Information is one of the most valuable resources
in health care. Appropriate management of
information as a resource will maximize the
usability, quality, and value of information. To
the extent that we are able to collect, store,
and retrieve clinical information within
institutions, across organized sites of care, and
across nonaligned sites of care, we will be able
to improve the delivery of care, clinical
outcomes, and operations within and beyond the
enterprise.
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Improvements in the Patient care

• TELEHEALTH Telehealth is the utilization
  telecommunications technology to link two or more
  end-user sites by any interactive electronic
  means, such as telephone, computers, e-mail, fax,
  and interactive video transmissions for the
  purpose of transfer and/or exchange of
  information and data in any health-related
  application.
• It is remote, electronic, clinical consultation,
  assessment, and monitoring of consumers of any
  form of health care.
• Telehealth has now become an integral component
  in the delivery of health care, regardless of
  geographic or socioeconomic status.

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Telehealth continuation

• A variety of related services and resources
  including the following
• Retrieval and transmission of medical
  records and
• data.
• Consultation, assessment, and
  management of
• medical record and data.
• Identification and diagnosis of new
  illnesses.
• Implementation and management of a
  medical
• regimen of treatment for those
  illnesses.
• Patient and caregiver education and
  support.

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• TELENURSING Telenursing is the subset of
  telehealth that utilizes telecommunications and
  nursing informatics to support the practice of
  nursing and the provision of professional nursing
  care to patients on remote residential or
  clinical settings.
• It is a amalgam nursing informatics, nursing
  science, and the art of nursing.
• The focus of the most recent activity, however,
  has been on telenursing applications that
  primarily employ advanced image and audio
  capabilities.
• These technologies can range from high-resolution
  still images (e.g., X-rays) to sophisticated
  interactive teleconferencing systems and
  networked computers.
• Telenursing is the synchronicity of nursing
  science and nursing informatics.

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• TELEMEDICINE Telemedicine is the transfer of
  medical information from one distant site to
  another utilizing electronic communications for
  the purpose of illness prevention, health
  maintenance, provision and monitoring of patient
  care, education of patients and their health
  maintenance, provision and monitoring of patient
  and their health care providers, and support of
  health care practitioners from other disciplines.
• It is remote electronic medical diagnosis,
  consultation, and treatment that can take place
  either synchronously (in real time) or
  asynchronously.
• TELEPRESENCE This is the newest concept in
  telemedicine. It encompasses the use of advanced
  technology such as virtual reality for relatively

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• sophisticated medical procedures such as
  surgery, in which robotics and virtual reality
  are integrated to manipulate instruments and
  perform selected surgical procedures on patients
  at remote, often inaccessible sites.
• TELEPRACTICE Telepractice may refer to any
  professional providing interactive, long-distance
  consultant services to his or her client..
• The provider fo the service might be a nurse.
• In its broadest applications, telepractice can
  utilize e-mail, telephone, fax, or any form of
  Internet communication.

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Robots in Surgery

• We always hear in the news almost every day
  of some kind of technology or scientific advance.
  One of the topics more interesting that are
  surrounding us right now is the robotics
  technology.
• The machines might be permitted to make all
  of their own decisions without human oversight,
  or else human control over the machines might be
  retained. Some of the robots that we have right
  now are the following
• ROBOTS THAT OPERATE IN BRAINS This robot is
  called Pathfinder and it will provide surgeons
  with a way of guiding instruments very precisely
  to the chosen site of the brain with minimal
  damage to surrounding tissue. Potential uses
  included the treatment of brain tumors

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• The robot carries a camera that automatically
  matches the scanner image to the position of the
  patient's head on the operating table.
• ROBOTS TO PERFORM HEART SURGERY It performs
  heart bypass surgery using robotic devices in the
  delicate procedures.
• The aim of this robot was to create a safer
  less invasive means of performing heart
  surgeries.
• The robot has the ability to hold the camera
  and tools perfectly that leads to eliminates
  errors caused by even slight tremors of the
  surgeons hands.

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• ROBOTS IN LAPAROSCOPIC INGUINAL HERNIA REPAIR
• This robot know as AESOP a fiber optic camera
  smaller than a pencil is threaded in to the
  abdomen that is held by the robot.
• This robot responds to oral directions.
• The robot might not recognize the voice, if
  the surgeon's tone that day is different
  from the recording.
• ROBOTS IN TELESURGEERY Using surgical robots
  and computers, experienced physicians can conduct
  surgery anywhere in the world.

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• Surgical robots augment a surgeon's ability
  by scaling down range of motion, providing
  three-dimensional vision and eliminating hand
  tremor.
• Since laparoscopic surgery is performed with
  only a minimal incision, the patient e Robots are
  expected to make surgery safer and cheaper, and
  recovery much faster.
• But mostly the idea is to do surgery with the
  smallest incision possible.

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CONCLUSION

• As we can see technology is and it is
  going to be the world revolution of any time.
  Since scientists, engineers and all kind of
  people will look for better ways of make life
  easier and safer. And the only way to achieve
  this is with the help of Technology. This science
  is growing rapidly and is offering us great
  advantages to our life. Like is in the Hospital
  Industry. We could see that technology is very
  important in here because, one of the most
  important things for the humanity is our HEALTH,
  that is why this industry has to be updated in
  order to offer new discoveries to help people to
  survive and always be healthy. We can see that we
  dont have the same utensils as before, now we
  are updated and we have the newest and biggest
  technology in medicine. This made us think about
  the big help that the world needs from us. As a
  CIS student we can contribute with anything to
  the world industry.